1709
On January 21st David "Lorentz" is born of Christian Friederici (born 1680) of Tempelburg, a Taylor, Merchant and Guild Notary and his wife.
1709
On January 16th Christian Friederici and his wife give birth to "Paul" Lorenz.
1747
On December 10th Lorentz Friederici, a Master Woolweaver of Stolp (Pommerania) and Dorothea Sophie Tesch (Tiegs), who is the descendent of Valentin Parcham, the Bürgermeister of Treptow a/Rega, a community east of the former city Stettin (now Poland) in former Prussia, give birth to Johann "Lorentz" Friederici.
1789
Lorenz Friederici, also a Master Woolweaver and Charlotte Kämtz give birth to Christian "Gottlieb" Egidius. Gottlieb is the 6th known child. 3 sons and a daughter died young including "David" Lorenz born 1776; living brothers include a councilman of Treptow Johann David "Friedrich"; an Inn Keeper/Master Woolweaver Ernst Lorentz "Wilhelm" Friederici.
1792
Lorenz Friederici and Charlotte Kämtz give birth to their youngest daughter Dorothea Friederiki Scharlote.
1804
Gottliebs borther Friederich, a 24 year old Treptow Councilman marries 21 year old Dorotea Louise Stieg(e).
1817
In Treptow an der Rega in March, 28 year old Christian "Gottlieb" Egidius Friederici the son and grandson of Master Woolweavers, and a Master Woolweaver himself as well as merchant and Bank Principal, marries 20 year old "Sophie" Florentine Sinell, the daughter of a Master Trombone Player Johann Friederich Sinell and Sophie Louise Tugendreich Schmidt.
Gottlieb's sister Dorothea Friederike Scharlote Friederici marries Johann Gotthilf Schultz.
On November 24th, Gottlieb and Sophie give birth to their first child, a son Gottlieb "Gustav." The name Gustav is Teutonic meaning "staff of the good."
1809
On April 18th, Gottliebs father Lorentz Friederici dies.
1828
On May 10, 1828 Carl Wilhelm "Ferdinand" Friederici was born in Treptow #3 Prussia. Ferdinand is a traditional Teutonic name meaning "peace" and "bold." Ferdinand was the 7th child of #2 Gottlieb Friederici and Sophie Sinell #38. The brothers born between Gustav and Ferdinand include , Julius "Theodor" born 1826, "Hugo" Theodor, 1824.The brothers also had an older sister Sophie Juliane "Julie" 1819, Sophie "August" born 1821, Miss "Alwine" Franziska 1822).
The American Democratic Party is formed.
1830
Sophie and Gottlieb Friederici give birth to their 8th child Marie "Louis."
1832
Sophie and Gottlieb Friederici give birth to their 9th child Carl Wilhelm Eduard.
1834
Sophie and Gottlieb Friederici give birth to their 10th child "Julius" Alexander whose name means "light bearded."
1837
Sophie and Gottlieb Friederici give birth to their 11th child "Emma" Hortense.
In May, Ferdinand turns 9 years old.
5 months after giving birth to Emma, Sophie Florentine Sinell Friederici dies.
At some point Gottlieb and Sophies daughter August dies as a child.
In November the oldest son, Gustav turns 18 years old.
1838
Victoria becomes Queen of the United Kingdom.
The first train runs in Berlin.
1839
Britain seizes Hong Kong.
In Frankfurt an der Oder Prussia, Caroline Auguste "Amalie" Jahn was born October 31 [4am] the 6th and youngest child of Caroline Hillman and Johann Jahn. Amalie was baptised on November 17th at St. Marien Church, a few blocks from her parents home near the main square of Frankfurt a/Oder. The name Caroline or Carla comes from the Teutonic name for "manly." Amalies 5 older siblings include: Wilhelmine Eliza "Emalie" (1827); Ernstine Louis "Mathilde" (1828); Johann August "Theodor" (1830); Marie "Pauline" (1833); Rosalie Florentine"Clara" (1836). #25 Her father owned and managed an Inn on 43 Tuchmacher Strasse (Clothmaker Street), Frankfurt an der Oder. #4 Her mother recorded the time of day each child was born.
MARCH
40,000 Factory workers lived in Berlin, half of them were artisan apprentices.
Revolutions all over Europe break out. In March, the Berlin revolution was an approximate 24 hour uprise of artisans and factory workers who took arms against King Ferdinands Military, including the Brigades of Frankfurt an der Oder (including Birkolz). Most of the European unorganized revolutions failed, including the Berlin Revolution. A large number of Europeans fled the continent for Russia and America. During the following decade America received more German immegrants than any other nationality.
20 year old Ferdinand lives in Berlin or a suburb, probably beginning his career as an artisan apprentice and becoming a jeweller, before a factory laborer himself.
The name Birkholz is registered repeatedly in the Frankfurt an der Oder brigade sent to Berlin in March.
Following the revolutions, German laws monitor citizen travel. Other "freedom" restrictions include mandatory military service.
Karl Marx
writes "Communist Manifesto" and favors the revolutions.
Germans living in New York (kleindeurchlanders) are supportive of the revolution, waving red, gold and black flags. However, the Catholic church denounces the revolutions allienating many parishiners. A rebelous group of Catholic tailors even had their Priest arrested.
1849
Gold is discovered in California and Australia, the gold rush spawns an industrial urgency to build the cross continental railway in America.
1850
At 22 years old, Ferdinand becomes baptised. #8
1851
The London Exposition was housed in the Crystal Palace, designed by (greenhouse) architect Joseph Paxton.
When Amalie was 12 years old (Johann Jahn) her father dies.
Unknown date: Amalies brother-in-law, Eugene Birkholz becomes an assistant manager of the Jahn Inn (probably before the Johann Jahn dies).
Eugene Birkholz, possibly becomes the "legal stand-in" for Johann Jahn, and therefore becomes Amalies step father.
Ferdinand Friederici is deemed physically unfit to serve his manditory two week call into the military. #2
1852
Inspired by the London Expo and the Crystal Palace, Boucicault opened the Bon Marché department store in Paris.
Philadelphia is home to "American Supremacy at the World's Fair" however, most of the impressive industrial designs were improvements on British inventions.
Inspired by the Crystal Palace, the German architect Gottfried Semper (1803-1879) published the widely read book "Craft, Industry and Art".
1853
A dry goods shop on Broadway in New York becomes known as Tiffany & Co. later known for their glassworks.
Ferdinand is probably working at several shops as a Goldsmith apprentice.
For several years Birkholz' have been registered in the military brigade of Frankfurt an der Oder.
Mathilde Jahn and Eugene Birkholz marry and have 4 children, three boys (including little Eugene and Emil) and a daughter. Mathilde is 11 years older than her little sister Amalie.
Clara Jahn marries Wilk Noack. #7 Clara is 3 years older than Amalie, her closest sibling in age.
Eugene Birkholz is managing the Jahn Inn. #13
G Friederici, the patriarch, lives in Stettin on the Baltic Coast of Prussia (now Poland).
Carl Friederici marries Emily (Emmi) Julianne Schultz, and becomes the merchant of a Winery in Stettin.
Gustav Friederici marries and has one daughter and perhaps an unknown number of sons and owns an apothecary in Berlin.
Ferdinand's brother Julius is 5' 7" blue eyed, leaves a sizable debt to his father when he moves from Prussia to Philadelphia and befriends fellow Prussian Otto von Nebelsier.
Julius pawns a large suitcase full of momento's for money, and tells exagerated stories to his new friends of his life in Prussia. He confesses expectation of an early death.
1859
Ferdinand
requests government permission to travel to Berlin. #3
The Berlin Artisans Guild
certifies Ferdinand as a "Master
Goldsmith."
#1
Darwin publishes "Origin of Species."
Early 1860's
Amalies' mother, Caroline Wilhelm Souife Jahn born Hillman, dies.
Eugene Birkholz becomes sole manager of the Jahn Inn.
Unknown date: Amalies older sister Mathilde Jahn Birkholz also dies, leaving Eugene Birkholz with three sons and a daughter.
Julius Friederici moves from Philadelphia and settles as a clerk in New York.
In New York, most German immigrants are from Bavaria.
In New York, all denominations but the Catholic church, have abandoned the city, one methodist church even brags of being free of paupers, unemployed and the sick.
1861
Ferdinands uncle Friedrich Friederici, a Councilman in Treptow dies.
Otto von Bismark becomes Prime Minister of
Prussia.
Abraham Lincoln is elected President of the United States.
Civil War breaks out in America.
1862 JUNE
On the 5th, Ferdinands brother, Julius Friederici, volunteers as a soldier in the United States Army with the New York 119 Infantry, Company D. #38
DECEMBER
On the 2nd, Julius Friederici was promoted to Sergant and given a 10 day furlough.
On the 31st, Julius Friederici was sick in the Hospital in Washington DC.
1863 JANUARY
Amalies mother, Caroline Wilhelmine Soufe Hillmann Jahn dies, when Amalie is 23 years old.
Amalie receives a copy of her birth certificate
from St. Marien Kirche in Frankfurt an der Oder. #6
FEBRUARY
On the 9th, CA Amalie Jahn marries CW Ferdinand Friederici (who is 33 years old). The couple live at 71 FriedrichStraße between the Unter den Linden and the Gendarmenmarkt.
APRIL
Amalie receives an "emancipation" document (freeing her from paternal control). #4
MAY 2nd-4th
General Robert E Lee of the Confederate army of the US Civil War has a dramatic victory at the Battle of Chancellorsville in Virginia. Heavy Union casualties were suffered.
MAY 8
First Sergeant Julius Friederici is in Brooks Station Hospital in Chancellorsville Virginia with a wound to his right arm. He is furlought until June 8th.
JUNE
General Lee marches his victorious troops west around Frederickburg Virginia, with the aim of marching through the Blue Ridge Mountains northward through Maryland and into Pennsylvania.
On June 8th, Julius Friederici joins his Infantry in Maryland.
General Lee is unaware that General Joseph Hooker, Union Army of the Potamic, is also marching north.
JULY 1
20,000 Union troops are now under the command of General George G Meade in Gettysburg PA.
In the early morning of July 1st Confederate 27,000 troops accidentilly encountered Union troops just west of Gettysburg, while looking for provisions.
119th New York is ordered to March from Maryland to Gettysburg Pennsylvania.
Reinforcements bring a total of 70,000 troops to the Confederate army vs. 93,000 troops for the Union army.
By the afternoon Confederate troops had encircled the dense line of the Union troops (including the 119th NY), and was able to surround them.
The reinforced Union Troops were soon fighting a battle on two fronts. The soldiers created a double line fighting to the north and south.
Julius Friederici receives a bullet in his back and is admitted to a field hospital in Gettysburg.
By 4pm the Union Army retreated south of Gettysburg allowing the Confederacy to occupy the town.
JULY 3
The Battle of Gettysburg comes to a climax with the Confederate defeat at Pickets Charge. Wounded soldiers not brought into safety could witness the battle from the field hospital of the Spangler Farm.
General Robert E Lee retreats south with the defeat of Gettysburg, but not the Civil War.
In three days 51,000 men are killed, wounded or missing.
JULY 4
It rains in Gettysburg, leaving thousands of wounded soldiers in field hospitals exposed to infections.
JULY UNKNOWN
Otto von Nebelsien visits Julius in the field hospital.
Julius is fully conscious, in pain and aware he is going to die. He is in good spirits under the circumstances.
The citizens of Gettysburg bury tens of thousands of dead soldiers in temporary graves to avoid the spread of infectious diseases.
JULY 15
Julius dies from his gunshot wound at 28 or 29 years old.#38
The Friederici's receive a letter from Philadelphia signed by Otto von Nebelsier, a Prussian soldier friend of Julius'. #49
November 19
Ten's of thousands of soldiers who died in Gettysburg are by now buried in the National Cemetery.
Acting 2nd Lieutenant Julius Friederici is buried in the first row of New York soldiers with a grave marker "Lieut. J. Fritzy, 119 N.Y."
President Abraham Lincoln speaks in Gettysburg offering the Gettysburg Address addressing the reason for the deaths of tens of thousands of Americans from the Union point of view.
1864 MARCH 3
Amalie and Ferdinand Christen an unnamed daughter, 2 blocks from their home at their Lutherin Church NeueKirche in the Gendarmenmarkt Berlin, after three weeks of life.
JUNE 1 (possibly)
Carl and Emmi Friederici Christen their new daughter Emmy Elisabeth at Sankt Jakobi Lutherin Church in Stettin.
1865 JUNE
Amalie is pregnant.
Amalie & Ferdinand Friederici; Clara & Wilk Noark; and Eugene Birkholz (Mathildes' widower) auction off the belongings of their fathers'(father-in-laws') Inn. #7
JULY
On the 20th, the Friederici's are summoned to a court appearance. Failure to appear in court will result in the default of Amalies' inheritance to Eugene Birkholz. #11
By the 31st, the Friederici's have arrived in London.
AUGUST
The Friederici's sign over the power of attorney to Theodore Albert Shuler.#9 Shuler represents Amalie and her husband in court in Frankfurt an der Oder. Schuler also assists the family obtaining Julius' Pension from the US Government.
On the 28th, Amalie gives birth to a daughter and names her Alma Bettie Caroline(#39), in London.
SEPTEMBER
Amalie and Ferdinand, along with her sister Clara and Wilk Noack, are sued by their step-father Eugene Birkholz#10 for their share of the Jahn inheritance, acquired from auctioning the Jahn Inn. #7
NOVEMBER 9
The court awards that each plaintiff (Friederici's; Noarks; Birkholz) will receive 1/3 of the cash acquired from auctioning the Jahn Inn. #21
The American President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated.
1866
The Friederici's lawyer drafts' a document sueing Birkholz for the unpaid inheritance, legal fees and interest, (500 thalers) an enormous cash sum. The document may never have been sent, or more likely Amalie received her inhertitance.#24
Ferdinands father, Christian G. Friederici, is denied his son's last paycheck (who died at Gettysburg) from the United States Military; as bounty cannot be sent abroad.#38
In Germany and London, a cholera epidemic wipes out thousands during the spring and summer months, including infants.
April (possibly)
Carl and Emmi Friederici Christen their son Earl Georg at Sankt Jakobi Lutherine Church in Stettin.
1867 MARCH 11
Amalie gives birth to another daughter Jennie Amalie on March 11. #39 Jenny Lind was a famous Swedish stage actress who performed both in Germany and especially in the London Theatre. Jennie was also a feminine form of the name John, therefore she could be named after Amalies family, or father Johann Jahn.
1968 MAY
On the 23rd, Amalie gives birth to her first son, Gottlieb Wilhelm Oscar, in St. Giles N, Middlesex England (an industrial suburb of London). #40
Ferdinand is registered as a Manufacturing Jeweler (Master), St. Giles, Middlesex England. #40 He is possibly working in a factory.
1869
JULY
On the 10th Amalie and Ferdinand bury their only son, "Little Oscar" at 13 1/2 months old at St. Giles Church in Middlesex England. #41 Oscar possibly died of cholera infanta.
At an unknown date, Ferdinands father Christian G. Friederici dies. The fathers' belongings are given to the Friederici children to divide. Perhaps because Ferdinand is abroad, the Friederici brothers have arranged to rotate sending checks to Ferdinand for his share of the inheritance.
AUGUST
During the middle of the month, Ferdinand, Amalie, Alma and little Jennie all aboarded the Steamer Minnesota in Liverpool, with nearly 1,000 other passengers.
On the 28th, Alma celebrated her 4th birthday in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
SEPTEMBER
On the 6, the Ferdinand, Amalie, Alma and Jennie Friederici arrive in the New York Harbor on the Steamer Minnesota from Liverpool England. Steam ships were recently invented making the journey abroad as brief as three weeks. While Amalie is 29, Ferdinand is by now 40 years old.
Upon arriving in New York, Ferdinand is registered as a Laborer. It is less likely he could afford to work with gold, and more likely he was qualified for factory work.
Ulyses S. Grant is elected President of the United States.
1870's
In New York, most German immigrants are from Prussia.
In Kleindeutchland, there were twice as many tailors as laborers, and three times as many as any other occupation. Tailors were followed by Domestic Servants. Laborers were third in popular occupation for German immigrants, often needing skills in manufactoring or as artisans.
German and Irish born immigrants dominated the manufacturing industries.
1870
The Friederici's for the third time bury a child, Selina Friederici in Queens. Possibly a second stillborn child.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art opens with the mission to "raise the level of public taste among artisans and manufacturers, as well as consumers." Free classes were offered.
1871
General von Bismark's military conquests has united several territories into the new German Empire. Prussia no longer exhists.
SEPTEMBER
The Friederici's live in/near Newark New Jersey.
Ferdinand's father Gottlieb Friederici, after being widowered for 34 years dies at 82 years old in Stettin where his sons Carl and Theodor live.
Amalie gives birth to her second son, William Oscar on the 9th, in Newark, New Jersey. Though he was given an anglified name after his brother who died, his parents called him "Wilhelm" as the family spoke German in the house.#39
1873
AUGUST
At 34 years old, Amalie gives birth to her last child, Julie Clara on the 3rd. #39
Brooklyn begins a deep and long recession, thousands of factory workers become unemployed.
1874
Tiffany & Co design factory becomes influenced by Japanese design on tour in New York.
1876
Philadelphia was home of the The Centenial Exhibition, a Smithsonian Institute conception of 12 years earlier.
1879
Thomas Edison invents the electric lamp.
Ferdinands brother-in-law, Ferdinand Schulz dies and leaves Julie Friederici widowed.
1880
SEPTEMBER
Ferdinand has been employed for 12 months, Alma has finished school at 13 years old and is living at home, Jennie and Wilhelm are in school, and 7 year old Julie is at home (possibly ill) with her mother who is a housewife. They live a couple blocks from the Brooklyn Bridge at 97 Tillary Street with a next door neighbor who is a Prussian bootmaker who has a wife and children approximately the same ages as Amalie and the Friederici children. Many of their neighbors are artisans and factory worker immigrants, mostly Irish.
The Brooklyn Bridge opens.
1880's
In Kleindeutchland New York, 92% of all second generation Prussian Americans marry other Prussians.
1881
At age 8, the youngest Friederici child, Julie dies. #39
The Barnum & Bailey circus is formed.
1882
Amalie recieves 2 letters from Carl Friederici, a Wine Merchant in Stettin Prussia. #33/34
1884
The Imperial Easter Egg tradition of the tsar (given to his wife and mother) began because Alexander III sought to please his wife with something reminiscent of her Dutch childhood.
1885-1887
Ferdinands brother-in-law Carl Gützlaff dies leaving his sister Louis widowed, who is the sibling closest to his age.
Ferdinand and Amalie have moved to 117 Johnson St., Brooklyn, NY, just a couple of blocks from their former Tillary Street address. #38 Possibly this move was prompted by financial reasons.
Amalies nephew, the young Eugene Birkholz has moved to Milwaukee with his family.
Wilk Noack lives in Berlin, without evidence of his daughter and wife (Gertrude was grown and Clara possibly died). #27
Two other Birkolz have moved from Frankfurt a/Oder to Berlin. #26
Amalie is sick, possibly bedridden. At 20 years old, Alma seems to be living at home probably running the house for her ill mother.#L27
Ferdinand is unemployed again and considers
going back to Germany with his family, or going on the new American
welfare system. He relies more heavily on the checks from his
brothers in Prussia as a source of income.#L53
Ferdinand learns his London legal attorney, Theodor Schuler, may have pocketed Julius' final paycheck, who died at Gettysburg.
The 151 foot Statue of Liberty by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi's, was presented in New York by the people of France in celebration of the ideals of the immigrants to America.
Ferdinands inheritance checks fail to arrive from his brothers. Frustrated Ferdinand sends threatening letters abroad to siblings.
Ferdinands brothers Carl and Theodor are tired of feeling responsible for their younger brothers financial problems. They threaten to cut him off in response to his angry letters to them. They point out that Gustav has the least financial burdens because he has only one daughter to support (probably Alvine).
At 69 years old Gustav has sold his apothecary (pharmacy) in Swindemunde and living on small retirement means. He also feels he is in a difficult financial state to continue sending Ferdinand inheritance checks.
3 "Prayers" are undated and signed by Wilhelm A. Friederici. They probably refer to William Oscar, (the A. might be a mistake as the older current letters used by Prussian may be confused). The letters are angry prayers toward an evil enemy named only in metaphors.#35-37
1888 AUGUST
After giving birth to 7 children, while 3 have survived to adulthood, on Sunday the 12th, at 48 years old, Amalie dies. #44
SEPTEMBER
Less than one month after Amalies death, on the 21st, at 60 years old, Ferdinand Friederici also dies. #48 Their cause of death is unknown, possibly one of many contageous diseases infecting many people at the time.
Amalie and Ferdinand are buried together at the Victorian Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn NY. #44
AFTERWORD
The Friederici's left behind Alma 23, Jennie 21 and William 17. It is doubtful their parents left these three survivors with property, gold jewelry or anything other than papers and a few photos from strangers in a country which no longer exhisted. Amalie and Ferdinand were properly buried with a modest granite headstone, in a prestigious Victorian cemetery amongst other similarly poor Germans. On each move abroad, Amalie and Ferdinand buried a child, and were pending an inheritence.
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