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Each student needs to choose an operating
system to which they have access.
Your version of operating system and toolkit may
be very different from examples below.
Ignore anything that does not apply to your system.
UMBC makes available computers running Microsoft Windows,
Linux, Solaris, MacOS and several others.
Students may configure and use their personal computers.
UMBC offers economical software through my.umbc.edu "business".
The "windowing" system is chosen by default from the operating
system choice. MS Windows, X windows or Macintosh.
In Unix/Linux operating systems the user has a choice of window
manager and possibly a choice of desktop. There may be a graphical
software development environment available. Students may use any
tools they have learned and like. This course can not hope to
cover all possible development environments. Thus, tested command
line instructions are provided that will work for this course.
Do not expect help from the instructor on other development
environments, they generally have a long learning curve and are
found to be marginally more productive that command line development.
In the chosen operating system, the student
should choose a programming language, "C", C++,
Java, python, or other that has available interface to OpenGL.
You may start by using a UMBC machine and getting sample files
From any computer on the Internet that has "ssh" available
ssh -X linux.gl.umbc.edu (older systems)
ssh -Y linux.gl.umbc.edu (up to date systems)
(then enter your UMBC username and password)
Starter files may be copied to your subdirectory on
GL using commands such as (be sure to type the last space-dot):
cp /afs/umbc.edu/users/s/q/squire/pub/download/w1.c .
cp /afs/umbc.edu/users/s/q/squire/pub/download/w1gl.c .
cp /afs/umbc.edu/users/s/q/squire/pub/download/w1tk.py3 .
cp /afs/umbc.edu/users/s/q/squire/pub/download/W1frame.java .
cp /afs/umbc.edu/users/s/q/squire/pub/download/W1app.java .
cp /afs/umbc.edu/users/s/q/squire/pub/download/W1app.html .
cp /afs/umbc.edu/users/s/q/squire/pub/download/Makefile1.linux .
*** currently on linux.gl.umbc.edu most students also need:
cp /afs/umbc.edu/users/s/q/squire/pub/download/libglut.so.3.7 .
cp /afs/umbc.edu/users/s/q/squire/pub/download/libXm.so.1 .
ln -s libglut.so.3.7 libglut.so.3
ln -s libglut.so.3.7 libglut.so
cp /afs/umbc.edu/users/s/q/squire/pub/download/Makefile_w1 .
mkdir GL
cd GL
cp /afs/umbc.edu/users/s/q/squire/pub/download/glut.h GL
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH .
cd ..
make -f Makefile_w1 w1gl
*** the above is needed when GLUT and Motif are not installed
type make -f Makefile1.linux
make -f Makefile1.linux java
The java program runs upon typing the second command.
Type w1 to run the basic X Windows program.
Type w1gl to run the OpenGL program.
If you get a message about a missing .so file, you also need
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH .
in order for the ".so" shared object files to be found.
On the old UMBC lab machine running MS Windows 2000, there was a lot more
setup required. Here are the steps I needed to be able to use OpenGL
with Glut. (do NOT type the (stuff) ) (J: may be S:)
((Or you may use WinSCP, it works great for me.))
log on (I was in J:\umbc.edu\users\s\q\squire\home,
you will be in your /afs directory)
md cs437 (a special directory for this course)
cd cs437 (be there)
md GL (needed for GLUT)
cd GL (be there)
copy J:\umbc.edu\users\s\q\squire\pub\download\glut.h
cd .. (you are back in cs437)
copy J:\umbc.edu\users\s\q\squire\pub\download\glut32.lib
copy J:\umbc.edu\users\s\q\squire\pub\download\glut32.dll
copy J:\umbc.edu\users\s\q\squire\pub\download\w1gl.c
copy J:\umbc.edu\users\s\q\squire\pub\download\cl_setup.bat
cl_setup (you are running the .bat file)
cl /GX /ML /I. w1gl.c
w1gl
On Mac OSX you can use Cocoa, the native Mac graphics,
or use "fink" to download X Windows, Motif, possibly OpenGL
if not installed.
Cocoa will look like
#import
#import "your_stuff.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
return NSAapplicationMain(argc,(const char *)argv);
}
or use the same command line commands as Linux, SunOS, or
any version of Unix.
X11 that is X windows (Different from native Mac OSX windows) can be
run on any Mac OSX computer. Here is the Makefile I have used for w1, etc
# Makefile_mac_w1 for CS437
# after you have installed X windows, X11
# e.g. using /sw/bin/fink install
# compile anywhere, execute in an X11, xterm
CC=gcc
CFLAGS= -I/sw/include -I/usr/X11R6/include
LIBX= -L/usr/X11R6/lib -L/sw/lib -lXext -lXm -lXt -lXi -lX11 -lm
LIBGL= -L/usr/X11R6/lib -L/sw/lib -lGLw -lGL -lGLU -lglut
LIBS=$(LIBGL) $(LIBX)
all: w1 w2 w1gl w2gl
w1: w1.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o w1 w1.c $(LIBS)
w2: w2.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o w2 w2.c $(LIBS)
w1gl: w1gl.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o w1gl w1gl.c $(LIBS)
w2gl: w2gl.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o w2gl w2gl.c $(LIBS)
Follow this link to Solve Setup Problems, Unix-Linux
Follow this link to Solve Setup Problems, Microsoft
Do not expect you system to be set up for GUI programming.
You are now into the expert programmer realm.
You must be able to find out how your specific computer is configured.
Use the command printenv | more to see your environment.
Specifically look at some environment variables:
echo $PATH # direct access to executable programs
echo $INCLUDE # direct access to include files
echo $LIB # direct access to linking libraries
You can modify environment variables for your use using:
set LIB=$LIB;/your-directory-path
export LIB
On some systems, X Windows and Motif may not be installed in default
directories. For these, use find /usr -name Xm.h -print
to get the include directory, CFLAGS= -I<path to directory>
CFLAGS= -I/usr/X11R6/include
Use find /usr -name libXm\* -print
to get the link directory, LIBX= -L<path to directory>
LIBX= -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lXm -lXt -lXi -lX11 -lm
Then use expanded compile and link command in the Makefile
tab gcc -o w1 $(CFLAGS) w1.c $(LIBS)
To get X windows manual pages, you may need, in your .bashrc file
set MANPATH=/usr/local/man:/usr/X11R6/man
export MANPATH
or in your .cshrc file
setenv MANPATH /usr/local/man:/usr/X11R6/man
OpenGL use requires access to the file GL/gl.h
and libgl.so or libgl.a
For gl.h, use find /usr -name gl.h -print
to get the include directory, CFLAGS= -I<path to directory>
(do not keep the trailing "/GL" in the "path to directory")
CFLAGS= -I/web/www/help/C++/opengl/glut-3.7/include
For libgl, use find /usr -name libgl\* -print
to get the link directory, LIBGL= -L<path to directory>
LIBGL= -L/usr/lib -lGLw -lGL
glut use requires access to the file GL/glut.h
and libglut.so or libglut.a
For glut.h, use find /usr -name glut.h -print
to get the include directory, CFLAGS= -I<path to directory>
(do not keep the trailing "/GL" in the "path to directory")
For libglut, use find /usr -name libglut\* -print
to get the link directory, LIBGL= -L<path to directory>
LIBGL= -L/usr/lib -lGLw -lGL -lGLU
There may be systems where links may be missing in /usr/lib
On one system, it was necessary, to specifically include the
".so" file
LIBGL= /usr/lib/libglut.so.3 -lGLw -lGL -lGLU
Combine library information using:
LIBS=$(LIBGL) $(LIBX)
Then compile using:
gcc -o w1 $(CFLAGS) w1.c $(LIBS)
You may want to use the Perl Script below to set up a UMBC lab
computer running Linux to have a friendly environment:
Be in a UMBC computer lab, booted up in Linux. Be in your cs437 directory.
ssh linux.gl.umbc.edu # log in, cd to your cs437 directory
do above to get w1.c, w2gl.c, Makefile1
cp /afs/umbc.edu/users/s/q/squire/pub/download/oglsetup.pl.txt .
mv oglsetup.pl.txt oglsetup.pl
./oglsetup.pl
1
this should set up a directory and links, if successful:
./oglsetup.pl
2
Makefile1
this augments Makefile1
^D log off linux.gl.umbc.edu back to lab machine
make
This should compile, without error, w1.c and w1gl.c
w1 # run w1
w1gl # run w1gl if it does not work, read the Pearl script
Do not expect you system to be set up for GUI programming.
You are now into the expert programmer realm.
Use the command set | more to see your environment.
Specifically look at some environment variables:
echo %PATH% # direct access to executable programs
echo %INCLUDE% # direct access to include files
echo %LIB% # direct access to linking libraries
You can modify environment variables for your use using:
set LIB=%LIB%;S:\your-directory-path
On some systems, OpenGL and glut may not be installed in default
directories. If not, just copy the needed files to the required
directories. The assumption is that Microsoft Visual Studio is
installed. This is not free software and must be purchased in
order to have a C and C++ compiler and associated libraries.
The following shows the directories and the necessary files:
(uppercase is the same as lowercase on Microsoft)
(replace Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98 with
Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\VC7\PlatformSDK
Microsoft Visual Studio .NET\VC7\PlatformSDK
Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC
for various versions)
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\include\GL\gl.h
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\include\GL\glaux.h
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\include\GL\glu.h
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\include\GL\glut.h
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\lib\opengl32.lib
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\lib\glu32.lib
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\lib\glaux.lib
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\lib\glut32.lib
C:\Windows\System32\opengl32.dll
C:\Windows\System32\glu32.dll
C:\Windows\System32\glut32.dll
You can get these files, if not on your system, from
/afs/umbc.edu/users/s/q/squire/pub/download
basically 7 files glut32 and opengl32 for .lib and .dll
and gl.h glut.h glu.h
If you are not set up for Command Prompt "C" programming, you need
to set up Environment Variables
Mouse your way to Control Panel on your computer
System
Advanced
Environment Variables
You have a choice of "user variables " just for current user
or "system variables" apply to all users
Check or add for appropriate version:
lib ;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\lib
lib ;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\VC7
\platformSDK\lib
lib ;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\lib
include ;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\include
include ;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\VC7
\platformSDK\include
include ;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include
path ;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\bin
path ;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC7\bin
path ;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin
(Concatenate, separating them by a semicolon, ;)
To set your environment variable on GL for a UMBC lab machine:
Right click on "my computer" click on properties,
advanced,
environment variables.
Note: There may be a \Microsoft Visual Studio .net\ (no 2003 )
To find missing or misplaced .dll files
cd \
dir /s mspdb71.dll (this is an example, probably not found)
dir /s mspdb80.dll (for visual studio 9.0)
Then copy the misplaced .dll to \windows\system32
(it is safe to add .dll files to \windows\system32 but suggest not overwrite)
Now use a Command Prompt window to compile
cl /GX /ML w1gl.c
Then execute the program
w1gl
You may use "nmake" on Microsoft, similar but not quite the same
as "make" or "gmake" on Unix-Linux
Note: When in command prompt window, the two commands:
cd \
dir /s opengl32.lib
will tell you if you have OpenGL and where the "lib" is
dir /s cl.exe will tell you the "path" to the compiler
dir /s gl.h will tell you where its "include" directory is.
You will probably have to add glut.h in directory with gl.h
You will probably have to add glut32.lib in directory with opengl32.lib
You will probably have to add glut32.dll in \windows\system32
or in working directory
Setup is a one time effort per machine per operating system.
Windows XP commands are command.help
Microsoft C and C++ compiler options are cl.help
Remember: Microsoft came after Unix and copied much.
Unix command line works in Microsoft command window
prog < data redirection of file 'data' to stdin
prog > reslt redirection of stdout to file 'reslt'
prog | more pipe output through 'more' same as Unix
prog -help often both /option and -option are allowed
"root" and directories are forward slash on Unix
"root" and directories are backward slash on Microsoft
some tools accept both " / " and " \ " on Microsoft, WWW, FTP, etc.
Microsoft 'nmake' much line Unix 'make' or 'gmake'
"C", "C++", Java, etc languages same on both.
Microsoft is case insensitive file system, thus
use all lower case in programs for compatibility.
e.g. #include <stdio.h> /* include path */
#include "your.h" /* local directory */
fopen("my_file.stuff", "r");
Both take long file names. No more 8.3 restriction.
Both allow spaces but save the headache, use underscore, _.
Both use environment variables and substitution in scripts.
Know and use tools to help yourself be efficient.
You many wish to keep old versions of programs (renamed or in separate
directories) and use "diff" on Unix, "fc" on MS Windows to find
the DIFFerences using a File Compare tool.
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Many web sites on Java GUI, AWT, Swing, etc.
Many web sites on Python wx, tk, qt, etc.