High Performance Chromatofocusing Using Linear and Concave pH Gradients Formed with Simple Buffer Mixtures
            I. Effect of Buffer Composition on the Gradient Shape 
 

R. Bates, X. Kang, and D. D. Frey
 

Numerical calculations together with simplified analytical relations based on local equilibrium theory are used to determine
the factors which govern the shape of the gradient formed during chromatofocusing when simple mixtures of buffering species
are employed to produce linear or concave pH gradients. The numerical and analytical development is also used to determine
the relation between the gradient shape and the buffering capacities of the adsorbed and liquid phases. Experiments which
verify the theoretical methods are described where internally generated, retained pH gradients of various shapes are formed
using high performance chromatography columns. The resulting experimental and theoretical basis can be employed as means
for the selection of the buffer composition for use in chromatofocusing.