IFSM 201

Hardware Components

System Organization

Topic: Input

Objectives: You will be able to: Describe the various types of computer input devices. Compare and Contrast the qualities of each.

Input-
Getting Data into the computer for processing

Keyboard Entry

QWERTY Keyboard

Function Keys

Terminals

ATM, POS,

Dumb, Smart, Intelligent

Touchtone Devices

Set-top Boxes

Direct Entry (Source)

Pointing Devices

Mice, Balls, Pens, Sticks

Scanning Devices

BarCode, Fax, Scanners

Magnetic Ink Characters/ Mag Strips

Smart and Optical Cards

Voice Recognition

AV input

Biological Devices

Input Hardware

Input- Characteristics

I/O is slow

Data Entry Errors

Validation

Peripheral Device

Cursor

Serial 1 Bit at a time

Parallel 8 bits (1 Byte) at a time

See HMMCW I/O Tour

Keyboard Demo

See HMMCW Keyboard

Input Stories

Douglas Engelbart

Xerox PARC

Palo Alto Research Center

Ergonomics

Source Data Entry

Pointing

Scanning

Magnetic Stripe

Voice

Sensors/ Human biology

Pointing Devices

See HMMCW Mouse

Scanning Devices

Voice Recognition

Other Input Devices

Topic: Output

Objectives: You will be able to: Describe the various types of computer output devices. Compare and Contrast the qualities of each.

Output

Hardcopy

Permanent Printed Output

Printers

Fax

Plotters

Softcopy

Temporary

Display Screens

Video

Audio

Display Screens

Video Display Adapters

Graphics Adapter Card

Built into motherboard or more likely to be on an expansion slot card

Has own memory and processor

The more memory equates to more simultaneous colors at a faster refresh rate

MDA, CGA, EGA, VGA, SVGA, XGA

LCD Displays

Liquid Crystal Display

Passive Matrix -

Less expensive

Need less power

1 transistor per row of pixels

Active Matrix

More money and more energy consumption

Each pixel gets a transistor

Brighter

Better colors

Faster video display

Video Devices

See HMMCW Monitor

See HMMCW Video Card

Paper Output - See Printers Please Handout

Printers

See HMMCW Printer

Printers and Fonts

Typeface- A style of Lettering/Printing

Font is a Typeface at a specific size and characteristic (Bold, Underlined, Italicized.)

Arial 24

Times New Roman

Lucida Calligraphy

Serif for easy reading

Sans Serif for Headlines

Other Output Hardware

Audio

See HMMCW Speakers and

HMMCW Sound Card

Topic: Storage

Objectives- You will be able to: Describe the role Secondary Storage plays in computer systems. Compare and Contrast the various type of Secondary storage media and devices.

Secondary Storage
Primary vs. Secondary

Primary: RAM memory or main memory- where all programs and data must exist for a processor to work on them. Electronic and volatile.

Secondary: also known as auxillary storage: Considered as essentially permanent storage. Non-volatile and comparatively inexpensive. Typically magnetic or optical devices.

Units of Measurement

Bit/Byte

Kilobyte

Megabyte

Terabyte

Rating Storage Devices

Capacity

Access Speed

Transfer rates

Size

Cost

Purchase, maintenance, replacement, installation etc.

Secondary Storage Overview

See HMMCW Memory/Storage Tour

See video Tape "It’s on the Computer"

Secondary Storage Devices

Floppy Disks

Hard Disks

Optical Disks

Flash-memory Cards

Magnetic Tape

Bubble memory

Secondary Storage Devices

See HMMCW inside computer for floppy cd-rom and hard drives

Floppy Drives

Disks are pieces of flat (mylar) plastic with a magnetizable surface coating (metal oxide)

Typically 3.5" or 5.25", smaller and larger exist but are uncommon

Read/write = Conversion of magnetic spots to digital electronic signals/recording electronic signals as magnetized areas on disk

Disk spins between read/write head

Disk Access area of jacket allows access to disk

Floppy Drives

Uses

Transport of Data

Dissemination and Distribution of programs

Backing-up of files

The Importance of back-ups

Clean Boot Disk and new OS

Hard Drives

Rigid metal platters (aluminum) with magnnetized material (metal oxide)

Able to hold vast quantities of data

Gigabyte drives and Terabyte Arrays

Sealed for your protection

Winchester Drive Technology

Tracks/Sectors/Cyclinders

Importance of BIOS settings and your Battery

Hard Drive type and Specs

MFM and RLL drives relics of past

typical 40 ms access time, 40 MB capacity

ESDI Drives larger capacity drives from late 1980’s, still available

IDE and EIDE- drive control built into drive , available with on drive cache,

7800 rpm vs. 360 rpm for a floppy

Typical 12 ms access time

2 mb/sec transfer rate for IDE, 10 MB/sec EIDE

SCSI Drives- High speed and high capacity with theoretical transfer rates up to 20 mb/sec

Other Hard Drive Systems

RAID- Redundant Array of Inexpensive Drives

Hard Cards for Desktops

Electronic memory Cards for Portables

Removable Storage

Bernoulli disks from Iomega > 150 mb per disk

Syquest and Sydos drives

Zip drives from Iomega

Portable Hard Drives

New Panasonic Drive for CD and Rewritable CD

Flash Memory

Optical Disks

CD-ROM = Compact Disk Read Only Memory

640 MB per disk

quad speed access 160ms transfering 600mb/sec

Data Storage

Catalogs & Magazines

Edutainment

Movies

Games

Encyclopedias

Optical Disks

CD-R - Recordable CD-Rom’s

CD-I - Interactive CD-Rom’s

Photo-CD -

WORM - Write Once Read Many times optical disks for 100-6000MB of data

Video CD’s

Erasable Optical Disks

Magnetic Tape
A Sequential Access Medium

10.5" dia 1/2" wide reels used in mainframes

hold 250 mb,

Audio Cassette- used in older microcomputers

Tape Cartridge units -used today for backups

Colorado from HP

Iomega

Conner

Travan technology from 3m

Need special Software

Compression Concepts

The Goal- To get the data into an equivalent and retreivable but smaller form. ie To Take up less storage space and require less time for transmission over communications channels.

Mostly accomplished through removing redundant data elements from a file or collection of files.

CODEC - COmpression DECompression

Compression Technology