TOPICS #26 — THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH: PRESIDENTIAL LEADERSHIP
Q1. During the ongoing debates among Presidential aspirants, the candidates pretty much ask viewers and potential voters to choose between them on the grounds that “my plan” (on health care, immigration,” energy, taxes, etc) is better than “my opponent’s plan.” Such arguments might suggest a sensible basis for choosing between two candidates for dictator (and perhaps even two candidates for British Prime Minister), but do they provide a sensible basis for choosing between two candidates for U. S. President?
Q2 Does the Constitution provide the President with powers that enable him to live up to the apparent expectations of the American public? And why are these expectations so high?
Q3. What circumstances enhance or undermine the effective power of President?
20th century expectations of Presidents vs. powers of office of President
President vs. Congress: national vs. local representation
balance of constitutional powers between President and Congress
Congress has taxing, spending, and lawmaking powers
President’s lack of control over Congress => less control over bureaucracy
the "two Presidencies" thesis (Aaron Wildavsky)
Richard Neustadt, Presidential Leadership (1960)
cf. Machiavelli, The Prince (~1525)
"powers" vs. power of the President
“cases of command”
veto power
from “chief clerk” to powerful leader
power to persuade: professional reputation and public prestige
Presidential resources for power
unitary office with some constitutional powers
the “institutional presidency”
Budget and Accounting Act (1921) and central clearance (1939)
Executive Office of the President
Office of Management and Budget
White House Office
“the bully pulpit” and development of mass media: “going public”
evolution of the “state of the union” message