For possibly thousands of years, Red-Gold, or Kaura (blood of the Emu) was the economic foundation of the region that stretched from South Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales. Trade of the most valuabe kaura for thousands of kilometers was mined north of Flinders Ranges by the feared and respected Dieri tribe, who held a monopoly on their mining activities, it's location and technical knowledge. A single multi-week excavation sustained the economy of the Dieri for a year.