The Feminist Challenge to Men

What follows are suggested readings that deal with 'the feminist challenge to
men' for a course on "Men and Feminism."  The suggestions were offered on
WMST-L in August 2007.  For additional WMST-L files available on the Web, see
the WMST-L File Collection.

Hi everyone,

I wonder if I could appeal to the list for suggestions for readings? This
fall I'm teaching a new course, Men and Feminism, the syllabus of which is
pretty well set. But I can't assume the students in the class will have a
basic knowledge of feminism and women's movements and I'd like to include
some readings at the beginning under the heading of 'The Feminist Challenge
to Men.'

I'm looking for writings by feminists that specifically address, appeal to,
and/or challenge men. Invitations to work in feminist movement, to found a
parallel men's movement, to work in anti-violence/anti-rape education,
listen/shut up/get out of the way, etc. would be great. Especially welcome
would be writings by second wave feminists. I'm thinking along the lines of
Andrea Dworkin's essay "I want a 24 hour truce during which there is no
rape." Any help or suggestions are welcome.

Best to all at the start of a new semester!

Mike Murphy
********************
Michael J. Murphy, PhD, Lecturer
Women and Gender Studies Program
Campus Box 1078/225G Busch Hall
Washington University in St. Louis
Saint Louis, MO 63130-4899
mjmurphy AT  wustl.edu
www.artsci.wustl.edu/~mjmurphy/

"The arc of history is long, but it tends toward justice."
            								
-Martin Luther King, Jr.

My colleague Robert Jensen has a new book out called Getting Off: Pornography
and the End of Masculinity (South End Press). Although it is focused on
pornography, it is actually a book about masculinity in this culture and its
relationship to dominance and power. Jensen applies a radical feminist analysis
to the wider issues of how gender works in this culture and then goes into the
ways that pornography both produces and reproduces gender inequality. I had an
advance copy last semester and the students loved it. It does work well with
Dworkin's essay mentioned by Michael, as well as with Jackson Katz's book, The
Macho Paradox.

Gail

Gail Dines
Professor of Sociology and Women's Studies
Chair of American Studies
Wheelock College
35 Pilgrim Road
Boston, MA 02215
gdines AT  wheelock.edu

Hi  Michael,
       I think bell hook's piece "Men, Comrades in Struggle" would be
really good fit for you. It's anthologized in Men's Lives. Best,
John

John Landreau
Women's and Gender Studies
The College of New Jersey

Do you all think this might be a good text for my class on psychology of
men?  I'm always looking for a text that will engage the men (women too)
in that class.

If the mind can imagine it, the mind can make it so

Dr. Susan Clark-Cook
Clinician
Counseling and Student Development
Adjunct Assistant Professor
Natural and Applied Sciences

I would recommend Traps, an anthology on black men and feminism, co-edited
by Beverly Guy-Sheftall and Rudolph P. Byrd, which includes historical
pieces written by Frederick Douglass and W.E.B. DuBois in support of
feminism and a statement from Men Stopping Violence.

Also, John Stoltenberg's Refusing to Be a Man and Essex Hemphill's poem
"Some Young Brothers," included in his Conditions.

Janell Hobson
Assistant Professor
Department of Women's Studies
University at Albany, SUNY
1400 Washington Ave.
SS 341
Albany, NY 12222
jhobson AT  albany.edu
www.albany.edu/faculty/jhobson

There are some useful things of this kind in the anthology *Transforming a
Rape Culture*.  I don't have it handy at the moment, but I know there are
at least two or three pieces by men, addressed specifically to men.
_____________________

Rebecca Whisnant
Department of Philosophy
University of Dayton

[in response to Susan Clark-Cook]

Jensen is not a psychologist so he doesn't employ the dominant paradigms in the
field in his analysis. But he does get under the skin, so to speak, of
masculinity and how it is socially constructed through practices and
institutions. Also, his own story of how he was socialized into masculinity
engages students and gets them to think about their own lives, or the lives of
men they know. What really got my students going was his argument that
masculinity can't be re-defined into something softer and gentler, but rather
needs to be eradicated completely if our goal is to end gender inequality.

Gail

Gail Dines
Professor of Sociology and Women's Studies
Chair of American Studies
Wheelock College
35 Pilgrim Road
Boston, MA 02215
gdines AT  wheelock.edu

Gail Dines wrote:  "What really got my students going was his [Jenson's]
argument that masculinity can't be re-defined into something softer and
gentler, but rather needs to be eradicated completely if our goal is to end
gender inequality."  Teaching students Jenson's views of masculinity is like
teaching them Norman Finkelstein's views of Jews.  In both cases, one should
question what is the larger context and whether students are being asked to
think for themselves or to embrace extremist views.

Wouldn't it be useful to offer students some readings that present
masculinity as having some positive qualities?  One could just as easily
present only negative stereotypes about femininity and demand that it be
"eradicated."  Students should think long and hard about just what this
entails, and what qualities are lost as well as what might be gained by such
a perspective (assuming even it were possible).

D. Patai

i agree with Daphne on the point that it is important that masculinity is not
just positioned as a concept that is negative, it is certain practices or
performances of masculinity performed and practiced by men (and women if you
take on board judith halbestram's position) that uphold relationships of
dominance and subordination by men over women.  i don't think the solution to
gender relaations is to vilify "masculinity" adn throw it away.  Personally i
have travelled a journey of exploring my own masculinity and its construction
in the social and cultural arenas in a effort to prove how destructive the idea
of masculinity was to my own sens of identity; however on that journey i ahve
found that it is the way masculinity is performed and practiced in soiety be it
by individuals or institutions that is "negative".  there is no reason why men
cannot practice a masculinity that is supportive of gender equal realtions -
men need to embrace what ahs been qualified as "feminine" qualities rahter than
eradicating them from their constructions of masculinity. i teach and talk to
youths and young men about this, especially my own son.  it is important to
teach teh positive and negative aspects of different practices of masculinity
whilst also elaborating on the dynamics of why they are invested in by men. its
important not to throw out the baby with the dishwater.

regards
pat

Patrick Fitzpatrick
Dept. of Sociology
Desk FG198

I would recommend bell hooks' _Feminism is for Everybody_ and Susan Bordo's
_The Male Body: A New Look at Men in Public and Private_. I used both books
last semester and found them challenging and welcoming to all of the students
in the class.

-David Haskell

Hi all:
I've also used hooks _Feminism is for Everybody_ for
her discussion of masculinity, which is very inviting
for undergrads, especially men -- and this is a topic
that hasn't been take up enough for pedagogical and
political concerns for continuing feminism both in the
classroom and at large.

I have tremendous respect for Jensen and his work, but
asking undergrad men to consider eradicating their
masculinity reads as not only extremist, but "old
school" (hate to admit it).

While I agree with Daphne's response there, I do
disagree that we should strive to show that
masculinity has "positive attributes" as she says.
That seems to reaffirm old essentialisms. And, there
seems to be a complete lack fo recognition of feminist
young men's subjectivity -- and whether masculinity
itself has already changed because of a new generation
of WGS savvy young men. Take a look around: Take back
the night is yesterday. Men wearing anti-rape
bracelets in their fraternities is today.

This semester, for a class "Politics of Sex" (I'm
centering the course on reproductive politics) -- and
using a 2005 novel, _Reproduction is the Flaw of Love_
about the considerations of an unplanned
pregnancy/abortion/all options from a young man's
perspective. The entire novel takes place as he waits
in the bathroom doorway with his girlfriend for the
results of the home pregnancy test. It's written by a
woman, Lauren Grodstein, but attempts to address the
"men's movement" issues over abortion and the notion
that men have "a say" while also genuinely writing
about young men's concerns and feelings.

What I search for almost every semester, and, since I
dont' find it, think it should get out there --- is a
collection about feminism's challege to men,
masculinity, and the classroom by a new generation of
feminist young men or those with something to say--
where men are INCREASINGLY in WGS courses--- and --
from their perspective, engage in the issues and
contribute.

Sarah

Sarah L. Rasmusson
Institute of Communications Research
University of Illinois
228 Gregory Hall
810 S. Wright Street
Urbana, IL 61801
srasmus3 AT  uiuc.edu

I recommend using Brad Land's feminist memoir, _Goat_,
and pairing it with readings by Michael Kimmel on
masculinity as homophobia, and by R.W. Connell on
hegemonic vs. oppositional masculinities.  The memoir
is an excellent inroad to a rich discussion of the
psychology of college-age men.

Lisa Johnson
mjohnson AT  uscupstate.edu

I highly recommend
"The Lie of Entitlement"
http://www.menstoppingviolence.org/LearnMore/articles/TheLieOfEntitlement.pdf
other good stuff at this link too. Free, online.
http://www.menstoppingviolence.org/WhatWeDo/Publish.php

Molly Dragiewicz
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Criminology, Justice, and Policy Studies
University of Ontario Institute of Technology
Molly.Dragiewicz AT  uoit.ca

Not necesssarily for class purchase, but take a look at the essays in my
edited volume:
Judith Kegan Gardiner, ed. Masculinity Studies and Feminist Theory.
Columbia U. Press, 2002.
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/catalog/data/023112/0231122780.HTM

--
Judith Kegan Gardiner
Director, Gender and Women's Studies Program
Professor of English and of Gender and Women's Studies
Gender and Women's Studies Program (mc 360)
University of Illinois at Chicago
601 S. Morgan Street
Chicago IL 60607-7107

Hi, Everyone.

I was going to wait awhile to post this announcement, but given the current
discussion about men and feminism it seems to make sense to share this
information now. I'm excited to announce my forthcoming anthology titled Men
Speak Out. Further information is included below, as well as a link to an
excerpt from the introduction to the book. This excerpt appears in the magazine
Voice Male, which may be a useful resource for those of you interested in men
and feminism.

Men Speak Out on Gender, Sex and Power:
http://www.mrcforchange.org/menspeakout.html

Please feel free to get in touch with me off-list if you have any questions or
comments.

Best regards,
Shira Tarrant


Men Speak Out: Views on Gender, Sex and Power

Routledge, January 2008

Edited by Shira Tarrant

Men Speak Out is a collection of essays written by and about profeminist men.
In the essays, which feature original, lively, and accessible prose,
anti-sexist men make sense of their gendered experiences in today'  s culture.
And since the interrelations between gender, race, class, and sexuality are
central to feminism, Men Speak Out prioritizes such issues. These authors
tackle the issues of feminism, growing up male, recognizing masculine
privilege, taking action to change the imbalance of power and privilege, and
the constraints that men experience in confronting sexism. They describe their
successes and challenges in bucking patriarchal systems in a culture that can
be unsupportive of -- or downright hostile to -- a profeminist perspective. In
these chapters, a diverse group of men reflect on growing up, share moments in
their day-to-day lives, and pose serious questions about being a profeminist
male living, thinking, and learning in a sexist society.

CONTENTS
Foreword Jackson Katz
Section I: Masculinity and Identity
1. 	Daytona Beach: Beyond Beats and Rhymes, Byron Hurt	
2. 	The Real Slim Shady, Ryan Heryford
3. 	The Enemy Within: On Becoming a Straight White Guy, Jacob Anderson-Minshall
4. 	Redefining Manhood: Resisting Sexism, Ewuare X. Osayande
5. 	Straight Guys Can Dance, Too, Jared Margulies
6. 	Stepping Out of Bounds, Nathan Einschlag
7. 	Hombres y Machos, Alfredo Mirand+¬
Section II: Sexuality
8. 	Just a John? Pornography and Men's Choices, Robert Jensen
9. 	Staring at Janae's Legs, Hugo Schwyzer
10.       Trying to Be Sexy and Anti-Sexist... at Exactly the Same Time, Andrew
Boyd
11. 	Bye-Bye Bi? Bailey, Biphobia, and Girlie-Men, Marcus C. Tye
12. 	Darker Shades of Queer: Race and Sexuality at the Margins, Chong-suk Han
13. 	Let Us Be Seen: Gay Visibility in Homophobic Poland,
Tomek Kitlinksi and Pawel Leszkowicz
14. 	How We Enter: Men, Gender, and Sexual Assault, B. Loewe
Section III: Feminism
15.	How Two Aspiring Pornographers Turned Me Into the Ultimate F Word, Hank
Shaw
16.	Exposed in Iraq: Sexual Harassment and Hidden Rank Structure of the U.S.
Army
Marshall Thompson
17. 	Why I Am Not a Feminist, Haji Shearer
18. 	Preaching to the Choir	, Matthue Roth
19. 	The Starbucks Intervention, Greg Bortnichak
20. 	This Is What a Feminist Looks Like, Derrais Carter
21. 	From Oppressor to Activist: Reflections of a Feminist Journey, Amit
Taneja
22. 	It'  s Just Common Sense, Brandon Arber
Section IV: Points and Perspectives
23. 	Abandoning the Barricades: or How I Became a Feminist, Michael Kimmel
24. 	Confessions of a Premature Pro-Feminist, Rob Okun
25. 	Learning From Women, Bob Lamm
26. 	A Tribute to My Father, Chris Dixon
27. 	Playground Vertigo, Jeremy Adam Smith
28. 	Judging Fathers: The Case for Gender-Neutral Standards, Donald N.S. Unger
29. 	What's Wrong With Fathers' Rights?	Michael Flood
30. 	Engendering the Classroom: Experiences of a Man in Women's and Gender
Studies,
Kyle Brillante
31. 	Gender in Jakarta: Lessons on Discourse and Disparity, Bryan Talbot
Morris
Section V: Taking Action, Making Change
32. 	Sport, Strong Women, and Feminist Epiphanies, Richard Pringle
33. 	Violation, Eli Hastings
34. 	Steel-Toed Boots, Tal Peretz
35. 	Men'  s Manifesto, Ben Atherton-Zeman
36. 	Breaking the Silence One Mile at a Time, Grantlin Schafer
37. 	Being a Social Justice Ally: A Feminist's Perspective on Preventing Male
Violence, Jonathan Ravarino
38. 	Good Ol' Boy: A Tale of Transformation in the Rural South, Jay Poole
39.    How Can I Be Sexist? I'  m an Anarchist! Chris Crass

Shira Tarrant, PhD

Assistant Professor
Women's Studies Department
California State University, Long Beach
1250 Bellflower Blvd
Long Beach, CA 90840-1603

As per Michael Murphy's post (in part):

I wonder if I could appeal to the list for suggestions for readings? 
This fall I'm teaching a new course, Men and Feminism, the syllabus 
of which is pretty well set. But I can't assume the students in the 
class will have a basic knowledge of feminism and women's movements 
and I'd like to include some readings at the beginning under the 
heading of 'The Feminist Challenge to Men.'

Although this book won't be out in time for fall term, my colleague Shira
Tarrant has what I believe is going to be a great book coming out this fall:
Tarrant, Shira. 2008. Men Speak Out: Views on Gender, Sex, and Power. NY:
Routledge (forthcoming)--I have read segments and heard Shira present material
from the anthology and think it would be a really good addition to a course
like Michael described. While members were thinking along these lines I thought
it would be good to mention it so folks who are interested can keep an eye out
for it.

Best,

Karen Morgaine
PhD candidate, lecturer
Portland State University
Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research

Activist Rus Funk, based here in Louisville, is doing some amazing work
engaging men in the movement to end violence against women.  He published a
book last year (through Jist); details and more info about his work (nationally
and in Mexico) can be found at www.rusfunk.com <http://www.rusfunk.com/> .

He's a powerful speaker and could probably connect you with additional
resources.

-Jill
_____________________________
Jill M. Adams
English Instructor
Jefferson Community & Technical College
SEM 342-E
E:  jill.adams AT  kctcs.edu

Michael Murphy wrote:
> I wonder if I could appeal to the list for suggestions for readings?  This
> fall I'm teaching a new course, Men and Feminism, the syllabus  of which
> is pretty well set. But I can't assume the students in the  class will
> have a basic knowledge of feminism and women's movements  and I'd like to
> include some readings at the beginning under the  heading of 'The Feminist
> Challenge to Men.'
>
> I'm looking for writings by feminists that specifically address,  appeal
> to, and/or challenge men. (...)

When I speak to students, I often use an exercise where the women of the
group get to put up a number of questions they have about men, things that
puzzle them about masculine behaviour, values. The result - always
fascinating - can be read as (some) *women's* challenge to men, which I find
more grounded than any pigeon-holing of what would be "feminism's message to
men", a perspective laden with unspoken a prioris.

Much as I support Dworkin, Chesler and Morgan's writings, I think it is
worth going somewhat back in history to pull relevant quotations from early
feminists and woman writers: Mary Wollstonecraft, Virginia Woolf, Mary
Ellman for instance, all of which have pondered men's choices. An
illustration of how long this one-sided conversation has been going on.

A little-known anthology that has a few marvelous nuggets is "On the Problem
of Men" Friedman, Scarlet and Sarah, Elizabeth. (eds). London:The Women's
Press, 1982: papers from two London conferences.

As for the critique of masculinity, I am not of those who see it as
anathema, castration, akin to antisemitism, n'importe quoi vraiment... A
fact that always seems to get lost in the revisionist frenzy is that many
men - certainly the best - choose to opt out of the masculinity construct,
just as many women shuck off the constraints of femininity. But in a
male-supremacist society, there seems to be more of a taboo in acknowledging
male dissidence and its reasons.

Below: a short blurb about Robert Jensen's new book. (Tell your friendly
librarian...)

Martin Dufresne

*************************************************************************
Getting Off: Pornography and the End of Masculinity
Robert Jensen
Pages: 200
ISBN: 978-0-89608-776-7
$12
South End Press

Getting Off: Pornography and the End of Masculinity begins with the
simple demand of the culture: "Be a man." It closes with a defiant response:
"I chose to struggle to be a human being." And in between, it offers a
candid and intelligent exploration of porn's devastating role in
helping to define conventional masculinity. In other words: In our
culture, porn makes the man.

Writing in his trademark conversational style with a rigorous
analysis, Robert Jensen easily blends personal anecdotes from his
years as a feminist anti-pornography activist with his scholarly
research to show readers how mainstream pornography reinforces social
definitions of manhood and influences men's attitudes about women and
how they treat them.

Pornography is a thriving multi-billion dollar industry. So powerful
it drives the direction of much media technology. In addition to
being big business -- just one click away! --pornography makes for
complicated politics. These days, anti-porn arguments are assumed to
be "anti-sex" and thus a critical debate is silenced before it has a
chance to get off the ground. This book breaks that silence. At once
alarming and thought-provoking, Getting Off asks tough but crucial
questions about pornography, manhood, and the way toward genuine
social justice.

Robert Jensen is a journalism professor at the University of Texas at
Austin and board member of the Third Coast Activist Resource Center
http://thirdcoastactivist.org. He is the author of The Heart of
Whiteness: Race, Racism, and White Privilege and Citizens of the Empire: The
Struggle to Claim Our Humanity (both from City Lights Books); and Writing
Dissent: Taking Radical Ideas from the Margins to the Mainstream (Peter
Lang). He can be reached at rjensen AT  uts.cc.utexas.edu and his articles can
be found online at http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~rjensen/index.html
*******************************************************

Hi Mike,
xy online has some great articles that you may find useful at:
http://www.xyonline.net/articles.shtml
Men Stopping Violence also has some articles that speak to men about male
privelege at: http://www.menstoppingviolence.org/WhatWeDo/Publish.php
Good luck to you!
Casey

__________________________________________________________
Casey Keene, MSW
ck AT  pcadv.org
~work for peace~

Don't forget these resources as well.

Best wishes,

michael flood.

Men, Masculinities, and Gender: Key resources


Readings on men and gender issues

XYonline is a website on men and gender issues, at http://www.xyonline.net.
It includes a substantial collection of over 100 accessible articles on men,
gender, masculinity, and sexuality, here:
http://www.xyonline.net/articles.shtml

Web sites on men and gender

XYonline also includes a substantial collection of links to other websites
on men and masculinities, here: http://www.xyonline.net/links.shtml

The Men's Bibliography: academic scholarship

A comprehensive bibliography of academic writing on men, masculinities,
gender, and sexualities, listing over 16,700 works. It is free at:
http://mensbiblio.xyonline.net/
This includes for example;

The best reading on men and masculinities;
http://mensbiblio.xyonline.net/bestreading.html#Heading1

I can't help noticing that although M. Murphy asked for writings *by
feminists* about feminism's challenge to men, almost everyone - myself
included - is mostly quoting writings by men.
A reminder that, today, feminist messages often seem only acceptable if
taken up by men (and somewhat coopted by a subtextual message of male
morality).
Is (pro)feminism the last alibi of male supremacy over discourse and/or
compulsory heterosexuality?

Martin Dufresne
Montreal, Quebec
martin AT  laurentides.net

The request also mentioned specifically "second wave" feminists.  Martin's
observation, which other's probably were keen on as well, poses quite a few
interesting questions about whose voice is heard, whose voice is preferred as a
means of reaching students, etc.

I am wondering if anyone has put readings in the hands of students without the
gender of the author being known.  J.K. Rowling made a conscious decision (or
maybe her publishers) to appear gender neutral. Students, especially the
non-majors, look at article titles more than author and their credentials.  In
feminist readings, how interesting it might be to have students read the ideas
and discuss articles without knowing the gender of the author.  Why should that
matter (except for the fact that they may assume any author who uses first
initials only is a male -- one of those hidden assumptions we all try to
question) in the discussion of the ideas raised?

Has anyone tried something like this before?  If so which readings did you use?

Kathy Labadorf
University of Connecticut
kathy.labadorf AT  uconn.edu

I'm just wondering if the premise of this message is definitely correct.
I did not keep score as the recommendations went by, but texts by Judith
Gardiner, bell hooks, Susan Bordo, Beverly Guy-Sheftall, Lauren
Grodstein, and others (I think) were recommended.  (As well as, true
enough, numerous works by men.)

-----Original Message-----
I can't help noticing that although M. Murphy asked for writings *by
feminists* about feminism's challenge to men, almost everyone - myself
included - is mostly quoting writings by men.

> I am wondering if anyone has put readings in the hands of students
> without the gender of the author being known.

What amazes me is when students *in a women's studies course* assume
an author is male, even when her full, unambiguously female name is
on the reading!

On the up side, this provides a great teaching moment.

_____________________

Rebecca Whisnant
Department of Philosophy
University of Dayton

Good lord!

I can't help but be awed (but not shocked!) by the extraordinary generosity
and collegiality of the listmembers when I post a hastily-written request
for help with readings! As ever, I'm so grateful to all who offered
suggestions. My request turned up several great recommendations, some of
which I was aware; others not. Plus a request to write a book review. Now if
only one of you would volunteer to convert my diss. into a book manuscript,
I'd be happy as a clam!

To clarify: for one or two days, early in my Men and Feminism class, I want
to have students read a sample of writings by feminists who directly
addressed and challenged men on issues of reproductive rights, sexism,
violence, rape, etc. This is a 300-level class with heavy prereqs. so my
purpose is not to introduce basic concepts about feminism or
men/masculinities. That happens in my other classes. Although we will be
spending a week or so on the longer history of men's engagements with
feminism (and feminists' responses) much of the reading consists of
post-1960s material: the (so called) men's liberation movement and its
struggles with issues of class, race, and sexuality; the men's rights
movement and the mythopoetic men's movements; profeminist men's and feminist
women's responses to the mythopoets; men working in what are often thought
of as women's work/feminist causes (anti-rape, anti-violence,
anti-pornography activism); questions of men's studies in/alongside/vs.
women's studies; and, men as teachers and students in academic women's
studies.

Given the later 20th-century focus of the readings, I specifically asked for
second wave feminist writings, not earlier ones. And I was looking for
writings by feminist women, though I didn't state that explicitly. I did not
intend to privilege or ignore any voices any more than we all have to when
we whittle down a bib into an appropriate number of readings for a syllabus;
other voices from other periods will be heard at other points in the class.

Finally, in response to many requests, I will post the final syllabus for
the course to my website (address below) and notify the list when it's
available.

Thanks again for all your help!

m
********************
Michael J. Murphy, PhD, Lecturer
Women and Gender Studies Program
Campus Box 1078/225G Busch Hall
Washington University in St. Louis
Saint Louis, MO 63130-4899
mjmurphy AT  wustl.edu
www.artsci.wustl.edu/~mjmurphy/

"If you have a garden and a library, you have everything you need."--Cicero

In regard to the discussion about men and feminism, I would like to mention
that my forthcoming anthology - Men Speak Out - addresses the issues that
Martin raises (that men's voices have been privileged, including that of
feminist men).

We know that men's perspectives tend to be awarded more prestige and authority.
And we've heard a lot from men in the public realm. But I would also suggest
that, to date, we haven't heard enough from feminist men about issues of
sexism, equity, violence prevention, etc.

I think feminist theories, debates, and action are important whether generated
by women, men, or gender-queer and variant folks. That's not the same thing as
privileging men's voices. Coalition-building can be a constructive political
strategy.


Respectfully,
Shira Tarrant

Shira Tarrant, PhD

Assistant Professor
Women's Studies Department
California State University, Long Beach
1250 Bellflower Blvd
Long Beach, CA 90840-1603