Feminist Epistemology

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Feminist Epistemologies and Research Methods
Feminist Theory Exam Reading List
 
Lauraine Leblanc
Institute for Women's Studies
Emory University
lleblan  @  emory.edu
 
1. Feminist Critique of Science
 
Benston, Margaret. 1989. Feminism and the Critique of Scientific Method. In
Feminism: From Pressure to Politics, eds. A. Miles and G. Finn, 57-76.
Montreal: Black Rose Books.
 
Berman, Ruth. 1989. From Aristotle's Dualism to Materialist Dialectics:
Feminist Transformation of Science and Society. In Gender/Body/Knowledge, eds.
A.M. Jaggar and S.R. Bordo, 224-255. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University
Press.
 
Gergen, Kenneth J. 1988. Feminist Critiques of Science and the Challenge of
Social Epistemology. In Feminist Thought and the Structure of Knowledge, ed.
M.M. Gergen, 27-48. New York: New York University Press.
 
Harding, Sandra. 1986a. The Science Question in Feminism. Ithaca NY: Cornell
University Press.
 
------. 1986b. The Instability of Analytical Categories of Feminist Theories.
In Feminist Theory in Practice and Process, eds. M.R. Malson, J.F. O'Barr,
S. Westphal-Wihl, and M. Wyer, 15-34. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
 
------. 1990. Feminism, Science, and the Anti-Enlightenment Critiques. In
Feminism/ Postemodernism, ed. L.J. Nicholson, 83-106. New York: Routledge.
 
Hubbard, Ruth. 1988. Some Thoughts About the Masculinity of the Natural
Sciences. In Feminist Thought and the Structure of Knowledge, ed. M.M. Gergen,
1-15. New York: New York University Press.
 
Irigaray, Luce. 1989. Is the Subject of Science Sexed? In Feminism & Science,
ed. N. Tuana, translated by C.M. Bove, 58-68. Bloomington IN: Indiana
University Press.
 
Keller, Evelyn Fox. 1982. Feminism and Science. In Women, Knowledge, and
Reality, eds. A. Garry and M. Pearsall, 175-188. New York: Routledge.
 
------. 1989. The Gender/Science System: or, is Sex to Gender as Nature is to
Science? In Feminism & Science, ed. N. Tuana, 33-44. Bloomington IN: Indiana
University Press.
 
------. 1990. Gender and Science. In Feminist Research Methods: Exemplary
Readings in the Social Sciences, ed. J.M. Nielsen, 41-57. Boulder CO: Westview
Press.
 
Longino, Helen E. 1987. Can There be a Feminist Science? In Women, Knowledge,
and Reality, eds. A. Garry and M. Pearsall, 203-216. New York: Routledge.
 
------. 1993. Subjects, Power, and Knowledge: Description and Prescription in
Feminist Philosophies of Science. In Feminist Epistemologies, eds. L. Alcoff
and E. Potter, 101-120. New York: Routledge.
 
 
2. Feminist Critiques of Social Science
 
Christiansen-Ruffman, Linda. 1989. Inherited Biases Within Feminism: The
"Patricentric Syndrome" and the "Either/Or Syndrome" in Sociology. In Feminism:
From Pressure to Politics, eds. A. Miles and G. Finn, 123-146. Montreal: Black
Rose Books.
 
Farganis, Sondra. 1989. Feminism and the Reconstruction of Social Science. In
Gender/Body/ Knowledge, eds. A.M. Jaggar and S.R. Bordo, 207-223. New Brunswick
NJ: Rutgers University Press.
 
Lofland, Lyn H. 1975. The "Thereness" of Women: A Selective Review of Urban
Sociology. In Another Voice: Feminist Perspectives on Social Life and Social
Science, eds. M. Millman and R.M. Kanter, 144-170. New York: Anchor Books.
 
Millman, Marcia, and Rosabeth Moss Kanter. 1975. Editorial Introduction. In
Another Voice: Feminist Perspectives on Social Life and Social Science, eds.
M. Millman and R.M. Kanter, vii-xvii. New York: Anchor Books.
 
Smith, Dorothy E. 1987. Women's Perspective as a Radical Critique of Sociology.
In Feminism & Methodology: Social Science Issues, ed. S. Harding, 84-96.
Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.
 
Stacey, Judith, and Barrie Thorne. 1985. The Missing Feminist Revolution in
Sociology. Social Problems 32: 301-316.
 
Westkott, Marcia. 1990. Feminist Criticism of the Social Sciences. In Feminist
Research Methods: Exemplary Readings in the Social Sciences, ed. J.M. Nielsen,
58-68. Boulder CO: Westview Press.
 
 
3. Feminist Epistemologies
 
Addelson, Kathryn Pyne. 1991. The Man of Professional Wisdom. In Beyond
Methodology: Feminist Scholarship as Lived Research, eds. M.M. Fonow and J.A.
Cook, 16-34. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.
 
Alcoff, Linda. 1989. Justifying Feminist Social Science. In Feminism & Science,
 ed. N. Tuana, 85-103. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.
 
Bat-Ami Bar On. 1993. Marginality and Epistemic Privilege. In Feminist
Epistemologies, eds. L. Alcoff and E. Potter, 83-100. New York: Routledge.
 
Bhavnani, Kum-Kum. 1993. Tracing the Contours: Feminist Research and Feminist
Objectivity. Women's Studies International Forum 16: 95-104.
 
Code, Lorraine B. 1981. Is the Sex of the Knower Epistemologically Significant?
 Metaphilosophy 12: 267-276.
 
------. 1988. Experience, Knowledge, and Responsibility. In Feminist
Perspectives in Philosophy, eds. M. Griffiths and M. Whitford, 187-204.
Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.
 
------. 1991. What Can She Know? Feminist Theory and the Construction of
Knowledge. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.
 
------. 1993. Taking Subjectivity Into Account. In Feminist Epistemologies, eds
. L. Alcoff and E. Potter, 15-48. New York: Routledge.
 
Collins, Patricia Hill. 1990. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness,
 and the Politics of Empowerment. New York: Routledge.
 
------. 1991. Learning From the Outsider Within: The Sociological Significance
of Black Feminist Thought. In Beyond Methodology: Feminist Scholarship as Lived
Research, eds. M.M. Fonow and J.A. Cook, 35-59. Bloomington IN: Indiana
University Press.
 
Duran, Jane. 1991. Toward a Feminist Epistemology. Savage MD: Rowman &
Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
 
Fee, Elizabeth. 1986. Critiques of Modern Science: The Relationship of Feminism
to Other Radical Epistemologies. In Feminist Approaches to Science, ed. R.
Bleier, 42-56. New York: Pergamon.
 
Fonow, Mary Margaret, and Judith A. Cook. 1991. Back to the Future: A Look at
the Second Wave of Feminist Epistemology and Methodology. In Beyond Methodology
: Feminist Scholarship as Lived Research, eds. M.M. Fonow and J.A. Cook, 1-15.
Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.
 
Haraway, Donna. 1988. Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and
the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies 14: 575-599.
 
Harding, Sandra. 1982. Is Gender a Variable in Conceptions of Rationality? A
Survey of Issues. Dialectica 36: 226-241.
 
------. 1987. Conclusion: Epistemological Questions. In Feminism & Methodology:
Social Science Issues, ed. S. Harding, 181-190. Bloomington IN: Indiana
University Press.
 
------. 1991. Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking From Women's Lives.
Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.
 
------. 1992. Feminist Justificatory Strategies. In Women, Knowledge, and
Reality, eds. A. Garry and M. Pearsall, 189-201. New York: Routledge.
 
------. 1993. Rethinking Standpoint Epistemology: "What is Strong Objectivity?"
 In Feminist Epistemologies, eds. L. Alcoff and E. Potter, 49-82. New York:
Routledge.
 
Hartsock, Nancy C.M. 1987. The Feminist Standpoint: Developing the Ground for
a Specifically Feminist Historical Materialism. In Feminism & Methodology:
Social Science Issues, ed. S. Harding, 157-180. Bloomington IN: Indiana
University Press.
 
Haslanger, Sally. 1993. On Being Objective and Being Objectified. In A Mind of
One's Own: Feminist Essays on Reason and Objectivity, eds. L.M. Antony and C.
Witt, 85-126. Boulder CO: Westview Press.
 
Hekman, Susan J. 1990. Gender and Knowledge: Elements of A Postmodern Feminism.
 Boston: Northeastern University Press.
 
Jaggar, Alison M. 1988. Feminist Politics and Human Nature. Totowa NJ: Rowman &
 Littlefield.
 
Lugones, Marcia C., and Elizabeth V. Spelman. 1990. Have We Got a Theory for
You! Feminist Theory, Cultural Imperialism and the Demand for "the Woman's
Voice." In Hypatia Reborn: Essays in Feminist Philosophy, eds. A.Y. al-Hibri
and M.A. Simons, 18-33. Bl
oomington IN: Indiana University Press.
 
Narayan, Uma. 1989. The Project of Feminist Epistemology: Perspectives from a
Nonwestern Feminist. In Gender/Body/Knowledge, eds. A.M. Jaggar and S.R. Bordo,
 256-269. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press.
 
Nielsen, Joyce McCarl. 1990. Introduction. In Feminist Research Methods:
Exemplary Readings in the Social Sciences, ed. J.M. Nielsen, 1-37. Boulder CO:
Westview Press.
 
Rose, Hilary. 1983. Hand, Brain, and Heart: A Feminist Epistemology for the
Natural Sciences. Signs 9: 73-90.
 
Seller, Anne. 1988. Realism Versus Relativism: Towards a Politically Adequate
Epistemology. In Feminist Perspectives in Philosophy, eds. M. Griffiths and M.
Whitford, 169-186. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.
 
Shotter, John, and Josephine Logan. 1988. The Pervasiveness of Patriarchy: On
Finding a Different Voice. In Feminist Thought and the Structure of Knowledge,
ed. M.M. Gergen, 69-86. New York: New York University Press.
 
Stanley, Liz, and Sue Wise. 1990. Method, Methodology, and Epistemology in
Feminist Research Process. In Feminist Praxis: Research, Theory and
Epistemology in Feminist Sociology, ed. L. Stanley, 20-60. London: Routledge.
 
------, and Sue Wise. 1993. Breaking Out Again: Feminist Ontology and
Epistemology. New York: Routledge.
 
 
4. Feminist Research Methods and Methodologies
 
Acker, Joan, Kate Barry, and Johanna Esseveld. 1991. Objectivity and Truth:
Problems in Doing Feminist Research. In Beyond Methodology: Feminist
Scholarship as Lived Research, eds. M.M. Fonow and J.A. Cook, 133-153.
Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.
 
Billson, Janet Mancini. 1991. The Progressive Verification Method: Toward a
Feminist Methodology for Studying Women Cross-Culturally. Women's Studies
International Forum 14: 201-208.
 
Cancian, Francesca M. 1992. Feminist Science: Methodologies that Challenge
Inequality. Gender & Society 6: 623-642.
 
Cannon, Lynn Weber, Elizabeth Higgenbotham, and Marianne L.A. Leung. 1991.
Race and Class Bias in Qualitative Research on Women. In Beyond Methodology:
Feminist Scholarship as Lived Research, eds. M.M. Fonow and J.A. Cook, 107-118.
Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.
 
Cook, Judith. 1983. An Interdisciplinary Look at Feminist Methodology: Ideas
and Practice in Sociology, History, and Anthropology. Humboldt Journal of
Social Relations 10: 127-152.
 
------, and Mary Margaret Fonow. 1990. Knowledge and Women's Interests: Issues
of Epistemology and Methodology in Feminist Research. In Feminist Research
Methods: Exemplary Readings in the Social Sciences, ed. J.M. Nielsen, 69-93.
Boulder CO: Westview Press.
 
Daniels, Arlene. 1975. Feminist Perspectives in Sociological Research. In
Another Voice: Feminist Perspectives on Social Life and Social Science, eds.
M. Millman and R.M. Kanter. New York: Anchor Books.
 
Dubois, Barbara. 1983. Passionate Scholarship: Notes on Values, Knowing, and
Method in Feminist Social Science. In Theories of Women's Studies, eds. G.
Bowles and R.D. Klein, 105-116. Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
 
Fine, Michelle. 1992. Passions, Politics, and Power: Feminist Research
Possibilities. In Disruptive Voices: The Possibilities of Feminist Research,
ed. M. Fine, 205-231. Ann Arbor MI: The University of Michigan Press.
 
Gergen, Mary M. 1988. Toward a Feminist Metatheory and Methodology in the
Social Sciences. In Feminist Thought and the Structure of Knowledge, ed. M.M.
Gergen, 87-104. New York: New York University Press.
 
Gorelick, Sherry. 1991. Contradictions of Feminist Methodology. Gender &
Society 5: 459-477.
 
Grant, Linda, Kathryn B. Ward, and Xue Lan Rong. 1987. Is There an Association
Between Gender and Methods in Sociological Research? American Sociological
Review 52: 856-862.
 
Griffin, Christine. 1986. It's Different for Girls: The Use of Qualitative
Methods in a Study of Young Women's Lives. In Getting Into Life, ed. H. Beloff,
 95-117. London: Methuen.
 
Harding, Sandra. 1987. Introduction: Is There a Feminist Method? In Feminism &
Methodology: Social Science Issues, ed. S. Harding, 1-14. Bloomington IN:
Indiana University Press.
 
------. 1989. Is There a Feminist Method? In Feminism & Science, ed. N. Tuana,
17-32. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.
 
Klein, Renate Duelli. 1983. How We Do What We Want to Do: Thoughts About
Feminist Methodology. In Theories of Women's Studies, eds. G. Bowles and R.D.
Klein, 88-104. Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
 
Lather, Patti. 1991. Getting Smart: Feminist Research and Pedagogy with/in the
Postmodern. New York: Routledge.
 
Levy, Judith A. 1988. Gender Bias as a Threat to Construct Validity in Research
 Design. In A Feminist Ethic for Social Science Research, eds. Nebraska
Sociological Feminist Collective, 139-157. Lewiston NY: Edwin Mellen Press.
 
Linton, Rhoda. 1989. Towards a Feminist Research Method. In Gender/Body/
Knowledge, eds. A.M. Jaggar and S.R. Bordo, 273-292. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers
University Press.
 
McRobbie, Angela. 1991. The Politics of Feminist Research: Between Talk, Text,
and Action. In Feminism and Youth Culture, 61-80. Boston: Unwin Hyman.
 
Mies, Maria. 1983. Towards a Methodology for Feminist Research. In Theories of
Women's Studies, eds. G. Bowles and R.D. Klein, 117-139. Boston: Routledge and
Kegan Paul.
 
------. 1991. Women's Research or Feminist Research? The Debate Surrounding
Feminist Science and Methodology. In Beyond Methodology: Feminist Scholarship
as Lived Research, eds. M.M. Fonow and J.A. Cook, 60-84. Bloomington IN:
Indiana University Press.
 
Reinharz, Shulamit. 1983. Experiential Analysis: A Contribution to Feminist
Research. In Theories of Women's Studies, eds. G. Bowles and R.D. Klein,
162-191. Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
 
------. 1992. Feminist Methods in Social Research. New York: Oxford University
Press.
 
Shields, Vickie Rutledge, and Brenda Dervin. 1993. Sense-Making in Feminist
Social Science Research: A Call to Enlarge the Methodological Options of
Feminist Studies. Women's Studies International Forum 16: 65-81.
 
Smith, Dorothy. 1979. A Sociology for Women. In The Prism of Sex, eds. J.
Sherman and E.T Beck, 135-187.
 
------. 1987. The Everyday World as Problematic: A Feminist Sociology. Boston:
Northeastern University Press.
 
Sprague, Joey, and Mary Zimmerman. 1993. Overcoming Dualisms: A Feminist Agenda
 for Sociological Methodology. In Theory on Gender/Feminism on Theory, ed. P.
England, 255-280. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
 
Stanley, Liz, and Sue Wise. 1979. Feminist Research, Feminist Consciousness
and Experiences of Sexism. Women's Studies International Quarterly 2: 359-374.
 
------, and Sue Wise. 1983. "Back into the Personal" or: Our Attempt to
Construct "Feminist Research." In Theories of Women's Studies, eds. G. Bowles
and R.D. Klein, 192-209. Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
 
Vickers, Jill McCalla. 1989. Memoirs of an Ontological Exile: The
Methodological Rebellions of Feminist Research. In Feminism: From Pressure to
Politics, eds. A. Miles and G. Finn, 57-76. Montreal: Black Rose Books.
 
Wylie, Allison. 1992. Reasoning About Ourselves: Feminist Methodology in the
Social Sciences. In Women and Reason, eds. E.D. Harvey and K. Okruhlik, 225-244
. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Press.
 
 
5. Feminism and Ethnography
 
Gurney, Joan Neff. 1985. Not One of the Guys: The Female Researcher in a
Male-Dominated Setting. Qualitative Sociology 8: 42-62
 
Stacey, Judith. 1988. Can There be a Feminist Ethnography? Women's Studies
International Forum 11: 21-27.
 
Warren, Carol A.B. 1988. Gender Issues in Field Research. Newbury Park CA:
Sage Publications.
 
 
6. Feminist Interview Methods
 
Anderson, Kathryn, Sue Armitage, Dana Jack, and Judith Wittner. 1990. Beginning
 Where We Are: Feminist Methodology in Oral History. In Feminist Research
Methods: Exemplary Readings in the Social Sciences, ed. J.M. Nielsen, 94-112.
Boulder CO: Westview Press.
 
Devault, Marjorie L. 1990. Talking and Listening from Women's Standpoint:
Feminist Strategies for Interviewing and Analysis. Social Problems 37: 96-116.
 
Langellier, Kristen M., and Deanna L. Hall. 1989. Interviewing Women: A
Phenomenological Approach to Feminist Communication Research. In Doing
Research on Women's Communication, eds. K. Carter and C. Spitzak, 193-220.
Norwood NJ: Ablex Publishing Company.
 
Nelson, Jenny L. 1989. Phenomenology as Feminist Methodology: Explicating
Interviews. In Doing Research on Women's Communication, eds. K. Carter and C.
Spitzak, 221-241. Norwood NJ: Ablex Publishing Company.
 
Oakley, Ann. Interviewing Women: A Contradiction in Terms? In Doing Feminist
Research, ed. H. Roberts, 30-61. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
 
Ribbens, Jane. 1989. Interviewing--an "Unnatural Situation"? Women's Studies
International Forum 12: 579-592.
 
Riessman, Catherine Kohler. 1987. When Gender is Not Enough: Women Interviewing
 Women. Gender & Society 1: 172-207.
 
Williams, Christine L., and E. Joel Heikes. 1993. The Importance of Researchers
' Gender in the In-depth Interview: Evidence from Two Case Studies of Male
Nurses. Gender & Society 7: 280-291.
 
 
7. Quantitative Methods in Feminist Research
 
Jayaratne, Toby Epstein. 1983. The Value of Quantitative Methodology for
Feminist Research. In Theories of Women's Studies, eds. G. Bowles and R.D.
Klein, 140-161. Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
 
------, and Abigail J. Stewart. 1991. Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in
the Social Sciences: Current Feminist Issues and Practical Strategies. In
Beyond Methodology: Feminist Scholarship as Lived Research, eds. M.M. Fonow and
 J.A. Cook, 85-106. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.
 
Pugh, Anne. 1991. My Statistics and Feminism--a True Story. In Feminist Praxis:
Research, Theory and Epistemology in Feminist Sociology, ed. L. Stanley,
103-112. London: Routledge.
 
Sprague, Joey, and Mary K. Zimmerman. 1989. Quality and Quantity:
Reconstructing Feminist Methodology. American Sociologist 20: 71-86.
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