Slave, Free Black, and White Population, 1780-1830
Estimated Population 1780
State	Population	Black	Pct. Black	White	Pct. White
North
New York	210,701	21,054	10.0	189,647	90.0
New Jersey	139,627	10,460	7.5	129,167	92.5
Pennsylvania	327,805	7,855	2.4	319,950	97.6
Connecticut	206,701	5,885	2.8	200,816	97.2
Rhode Island	52,946	2,671	5.0	50,275	95.0
New Hampshire	87,802	541	0.6	87,261	99.4
Massachusetts	268,627	4,822	1.8	263,805	98.2
Total	1,294,209	53,288	4.1	1,240,921	95.9
South
Virginia	538,004	220,582	41.0	317,422	59.0
South Carolina	180,000	97,000	53.9	83,000	46.1
Maryland	245,474	80,515	32.8	164,959	67.2
North Carolina	270,138	91,000	33.7	179,138	66.3
Georgia	56,071	20,831	37.2	35,240	62.8
Delaware	45,385	2,996	6.6	42,389	93.4
Total	1,335,072	512,924	38.4	822,148	61.6
1790 Census
State	Slaves	Population	Pct. Slave	Free Non-White	Pct. FNW
North
New York	21,193	340,241	6.2	4,682	1.4
New Jersey	11,423	184,139	6.2	2,762	1.5
Pennsylvania	3,707	443,611	0.8	6,531	1.5
Connecticut	2,648	237,655	1.1	2,771	1.2
Rhode Island	958	69,112	1.4	3,484	5.0
New Hampshire	157	141,899	0.1	630	0.4
Massachusetts	0	378,566	0.0	5,369	1.4
Vermont	0	85,341	0.0	269	0.3
Total	40,086	1,880,564	2.1	26,498	1.4
South
Virginia	292,627	747,550	39.1	12,866	1.7
South Carolina	107,094	249,073	43.0	1,801	0.7
Maryland	103,036	319,728	32.2	8,043	2.5
North Carolina	100,783	395,005	25.5	5,041	1.3
Georgia	29,264	82,548	35.5	398	0.5
Kentucky	12,430	73,677	16.9	114	0.2
Delaware	8,887	59,096	15.0	3,899	6.6
Total	654,121	1,926,677	34.0	32,162	1.7
1800 Census
State	Slaves	Population	Pct. Slave	Free Non-White	Pct. FNW
North
New York	20,613	586,182	3.5	10,374	1.8
New Jersey	12,422	211,149	5.9	4,402	2.1
Pennsylvania	1,706	602,365	0.3	14,564	2.4
Connecticut	951	64,273	1.5	8,268	12.9
Rhode Island	380	69,122	0.5	3,304	4.8
New Hampshire	8	183,856	0.0	852	0.5
Massachusetts	0	422,845	0.0	6,452	1.5
Vermont	0	154,465	0.0	557	0.4
Total	36,080	2,294,257	1.6	38,399	1.7
South
Virginia	346,671	885,171	39.2	20,493	2.3
South Carolina	146,151	345,591	42.3	3,185	0.9
Maryland	105,635	341,543	30.9	19,587	5.7
North Carolina	133,296	478,103	27.9	7,073	1.5
Georgia	59,699	162,686	36.7	1,919	1.2
Kentucky	40,343	151,719	26.6	741	0.5
Delaware	6,153	64,273	9.6	8,268	12.9
Tennessee	13584	105,602	12.9	309	0.3
Total	851,532	2,534,688	33.6	61,575	2.4
1810 Census
State	Slaves	Population	Pct. Slave	Free Non-White	Pct. FNW
North
New York	15,017	959,049	1.6	25,333	2.6
New Jersey	10,851	245,562	4.4	7,843	3.2
Pennsylvania	795	810,019	0.1	22,492	2.8
Connecticut	310	261,942	0.1	6,453	2.5
Rhode Island	108	76,931	0.1	3,609	4.7
New Hampshire	0	214,562	0.0	970	0.5
Massachusetts	0	472,040	0.0	6,737	1.4
Vermont	0	217,913	0.0	750	0.3
Ohio	0	230,760	0.0	1,899	0.8
Maine	0	228,705	0.0	969	0.4
Total	27,081	3,717,483	0.7	77,055	2.1
South
Virginia	392,518	974,622	40.3	30,570	3.1
South Carolina	196,365	415,115	47.3	4,554	1.1
Maryland	111,502	380,546	29.3	33,927	8.9
North Carolina	168,824	555,500	30.4	10,266	1.8
Georgia	105,218	252,433	41.7	1,801	0.7
Kentucky	80,561	406,511	19.8	1,713	0.4
Delaware	4,177	72,674	5.7	13,136	18.1
Tennessee	44,535	261,727	17.0	1,317	0.5
Total	1,103,700	3,319,128	33.3	97,284	2.9
1820 Census
State	Slaves	Population	Pct. Slave	Free Non-White	Pct. FNW
North
New York	10,088	1,372,812	0.7	29,278	2.1
New Jersey	7,557	277,575	2.7	12,460	4.5
Pennsylvania	211	1,549,458	0.0	30,202	1.9
Connecticut	97	275,248	0.0	7,870	2.9
Rhode Island	48	83,059	0.1	3,554	4.3
New Hampshire	0	244,161	0.0	786	0.3
Massachusetts	0	523,287	0.0	6,740	1.3
Vermont	0	235,764	0.0	903	0.4
Ohio	0	581,434	0.0	4,723	0.8
Maine	0	298,335	0.0	929	0.3
Illinois	917	55,211	1.7	457	0.8
Indiana	190	147,178	0.1	1,230	0.8
Total	19,108	5,643,522	0.3	99,132	1.8
South
Virginia	425,153	1,065,379	39.9	39,889	3.7
South Carolina	251,783	490,309	51.4	6,714	1.4
Maryland	107,398	407,350	26.4	39,730	9.8
North Carolina	205,017	638,829	32.1	14,612	2.3
Georgia	149,656	340,989	43.9	1,763	0.5
Kentucky	126,732	564,317	22.5	2,759	0.5
Delaware	4,509	72,749	6.2	12,958	17.8
Tennessee	80,107	422,813	18.9	2,727	0.6
Louisiana	69,064	153,407	45.0	10,897	7.1
Alabama	47,449	144,317	32.9	633	0.4
Mississippi	32,814	75,448	43.5	458	0.6
Missouri (ter)	10,222	66,586	15.4	347	0.5
Total	1,509,904	4,442,493	34.0	133,487	3.0