World War I

Websites

First World War propaganda posters a collection of propaganda posters from the nations that fought in the war, including the U.S.

"Instances of Use of United States Forces Abroad, 1798 - 1993," by Ellen C. Collier, Specialist in U.S. Foreign Policy,
Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division, Washington DC: Congressional Research Service -- Library of Congress -- October 7, 1993

First World War.com - A multimedia history of World War One

Art of the First World War

The Western Front, 1914-1918

The PBS Production, "The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century"

World War I Political Cartoons

American Leaders Speak: Recordings from World War I and the 1920 Election
American Memory, Library of Congress.
Consists of 59 sound recordings of speeches by American leaders produced from 1918 to 1920 on the Nation’s Forum record label. The speeches—by such prominent public figures as Warren G. Harding, James M. Cox, Calvin Coolidge, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Samuel Gompers, Henry Cabot Lodge, John J. Pershing, Will H. Hays, A. Mitchell Palmer, and Rabbi Stephen S. Wise—deal for the most part with issues and events related to World War I and the 1920 presidential election. This site includes photographs of speakers and of the actual recording disk labels, as well as text versions of the speeches.

Documents

1914

Punch: British Propaganda from 1914-1915

Daily Mirror, "The Declaration of War," August 4th 1914

Austro-Hungarian Documents on the Outbreak of War, 1 July 1914 - 27 August 1914

Colonel House's Report to President Wilson, May, 1914

The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, 28 June, 1914

Treaty of Alliance between Germany and Turkey (2 August 1914)

Secretary of State Bryan Opposes Loans to Beliigerents, August 10, 1914

President Wilson's Declaration of Neutrality, August 19, 1914

The Political Development of US Neutrality Policy, 1914-1915 Discussions between President Wilson & Secretaries Bryan and Lansing President Wilson to the Acting Secretary of State

1915

Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Sir Edward Grey, January 22, 1915

President Wilson's First Warning to the Germans, February 10, 1915

The Use of Poison Gas, April 22, 1915

The sinking of the Lusitania by Paul W. Collins

President Wilson's Speech, "America Must be a Special Example," May 10, 1915

Woodrow Wilson, "Americanism and the Foreign-Born," 10 May 1915

U.S. Policy on Loans to Belligerents, 1914-15

Wilson's Change on the War Loans Policy, August 26, 1915

The Development of US Neutrality Policy, 1914-15

1916

Eugene V. Debs, "The Prospects for Peace," The American Socialist, 19 February 1916

Lord Northcliffe on Verdun, March 4, 1916

Rudyard Kipling on the Battle of Jutland, May 31, 1916

Daily Mirror,"The Battle of Jutland," June 3rd 1916

1917

German Discussions Concerning Unrestricted Submarine Warfare, 1917

The Zimmerman Note, January 19, 1917

Woodrow Wilson's Speech, "Peace Without Victory," January 22, 1917

Woodrow Wilson, Second Inaugural Address, Monday, March 5, 1917

Woodrow Wilson's "War Message," 1917

Messages Relating to the Bolshevik Revolution, 7-22 November 1917

BBC Online, "Russia in Revolution"

1918

5 January, 1918, Prime Minister Lloyd George on the British War Aims

President Wilson's Fourteen Points, January 8, 1918

11 February, 1918: President Wilson's Address to Congress, Analyzing German and Austrian Peace Utterances

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, March 3, 1918

The US Sedition Act, May 16, 1918

The Allied Appeal for American Assistance, May-June, 1918

Eugene V. Debs, The Canton, Ohio Anti-War Speech, 16 June 1918

Memorandum by Colonel House Interpreting the Fourteen Points, 1918

Secretary of State Robert Lansing on the Invasion of the Soviet Union

Report on "War Guilt," 1918

Ambassador Henry Morgenthau, Ambassador Morgenthau's Story GARDEN CITY NEW YORK: DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, 1918

1919

The Treaty of Versailles, June 28 1919

BBC Online, "The Treaty of Versailles"

Chronology of the Fight over the League of Nations

Woodrow Wilson's "League of Nations" Speech , 1919

Reservations drawn up by Republican Senators to the Treaty of Peace with Germany, November 1919

Videos:

All quiet on the western front [videorecording] / Universal Pictures Corp (2001).

Maryland in the great war [videorecording] : over there over here / producer, Marilyn M. Phillips; writer, Helen Jean Burn Owings Mills, Md. : MPT , c1996. (58 min.)

Key Readings:

Leffler, Melvyn, The Specter of Communism. The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1917-1953 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1994): 3-33.

 Leffler, Melvyn, The Elusive Quest: America's Pursuit of European Stability and French Security, 1919-1933, Chapel Hill, 1979.

Williams, William Appleman, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (New York: WW Norton, 1972): 90-108.

Kennedy, Ross. "Woodrow Wilson, World War I, and an American Conception of National Security," Diplomatic History, Winter 2001, 1-31.

Chambers, John, ed., The Eagle and the Dove: The American Peace Movement and United States Foreign Policy, 1900-1922, Syracuse, 1991.

Gardner, Lloyd, Safe for Democracy: The Anglo-American Response to Revolution, 1913-1923, NY, 1984.

 Ninkovich, Frank, The Wilsonian Century, Chicago, 1999.

Cohen, Warren, Empire Without Tears: American Foreign Policy, 1921-1933, NY, 1987.

Costigliola, Frank, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933, Ithaca, 1985.

 Foglesong, David, America's Secret War against Bolshevism: U.S. Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1917-1920, Chapel Hill, 1995.