Documents Related to the Cold War, 1945-1951

1946

Henry S. Lowenhaupt, "On the Soviet Nuclear Scent," Fall 1967, Studies in Intelligence, US. Central Intelligence Agency, Fall 2000

Statement of Recommendations on Release of Atomic Bomb Project Information, February 4, 1946

Speech delivered by J.V. Stalin at a Meeting of Voters of the Stalin Electoral District, Moscow, February 9, 1946

Vladislav Zubok on Stalin's 1946 Speech, PBS

Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, February 13, 1946

George Kennan, Excerpts from Telegraphic Message from Moscow of February 22, 1946

Fakiolas, Efstathios T., "Kennan's Long Telegram and NSC-68: A Comparative Analysis," East European Quarterly, Vol. 31, no. 4, January 1998

Winston Churchill, "Sinews of Peace," (the Iron Curtain Speech), Westminster College, 5 March 1946

Joseph Stalin: Reply to Churchill, 14 March 1946

"Letter between Mr. Cohen and Mr. Kindleberger identifying six major problems in Europe, April 5, 1946"

Excerpt from the last session of the League of Nations Assembly, Geneva, April 8-18, 1946. Taken from The League Hands Over. (League of Nations Publications, 1946)

Vice Admiral Blandy's Press Conference pertaining to Joint Army-Navy task force number one Operation Crossroads -- Release No. 46, May 13, 1946.

Bozena Szaynok, "The Jewish Pogrom in Kielce, July 1946 - New Evidence," Intermarium, Volume 1, Number 3

Truman and the Bomb, a Documentary History, Chapter 16: U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, "The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki," June 9, 1946, Edited by Robert H. Ferrell

Pages 27 and 28 of a report by the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, "The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki," June 9, 1946

The Baruch Plan

Franklin D'Olier to President Truman on the Strategic Bombing Survey, June 20, 1946

United States Strategic Bombing Survey: Summary Report (Pacific War), July 1, 1946

SECOND MEETING OF THE COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS, PARIS, (a) First Part, April 25 to May 16,1946, Report by Secretary Byrnes, May 20,1946

Douglas J. Macdonald, "Communist Bloc Expansion in the Early Cold War: Challenging Realism, Refuting Revisionism," International Security, Vol. 20, no. 3 (Winter 1995)

Dean Acheson's account of the crisis over Iran, 1946

Letter from Clark Clifford to William Leahy requesting intelligence estimates on the Soviet Union (July 18, 1946)

Constitution of the World Health Organization, July 22, 1946

Central Intelligence Group, Office of Research and Evaluation, ORE 1, "Soviet Foreign and Military Policy" (July 23, 1946)

U.S. Participation in UNESCO, July 30, 1946

"Preliminary Report Following the Second Atomic Bomb Test", Report by the Joint Chiefs of Staff Evaluation Board for the Atomic Bomb Tests, 30 July 1946

Acceptance of Compulsory Jurisdiction of International Court of Justice, August 2, 1946 Senate Resolution 196-Seventy-ninth Congress

Memo from Acting secretary of State Dean Acheson to President Truman on the Greek Economic Mission, August 7, 1946

Berlin No. 1, Letter left behind of Loyd Steere, note Addendum, to John Kenneth Galbraith and Edward Mason on Berlin, August 13, 1946

Berlin No. 12, United States Political Adviser for Germany, Charles Kindleberger, August 14, 1946

Memorandum for the President from Hoyt Vandenberg regarding possible Soviet military action (August 24, 1946)

Nikolai Novikov, Soviet Ambassador in Washington, Telegram, September 1946

Immigration into Palestine - Statement by President Truman, October 4, 1946

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, JULY 29 TO OCTOBER 15, 1946, Report by Secretary Byrnes, October 18, 1946

Correspondence between Charles Kindleberger and John Kenneth Galbraith regarding a recently written editorial, October 25, 1946

Letter between Charles Kindleberger and John Kenneth Galbraith regarding a recently written manuscript on Germany, October 30, 1946

Post-World War II Speeches of Winston Churchill in Audio Format

THIRD MEETING OF THE COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS, NEW YORK CITY, NOVEMBER 4 TO DECEMBER 12, 1946, Report by the Department of State

Anne McCormick, "American Responsibility in Germany," New York Times, 18 November 1946

President Harry S. Truman's letter to Mr. Bohnen's objection to the film because it made the decision to drop the bomb look like a snap judgment, December 12, 1946

Principles Governing the General Regulation and Reduction of Armaments, Resolution of the General Assembly, December 14, 1946

Constitution of the International Refugee Organization, December 15, 1946

Truman and the Bomb, a Documentary History, Chapter 17: Karl T. Compton article and the President to Compton, December 16, Edited by Robert H. Ferrell

Letter From President Truman to Dr. Compton plus an article written by Karl T. Compton "If the Atomic Bomb Had Not Been Used," 16 December 1946

President Truman to Karl T. Compton, December 16, 1946

U.S., Central Intelligence Agency, Memorandum on SMERSH Department of the Soviet Central Kommandatura, Berlin - Luisenstrasse, 19 December 1946

The Soviet Bloc and the Initial Stage of the Cold War: Archival Documents on Stalin's Meetings with Communist Leaders of Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, 1946-1948, by Leonid Gibianskii

General Findings and Recommendations Approved by the Atomic Energy Commission and Incorporated in its First Report to the Security Council, December 31, 1946

1947

Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, "CIA's Analysis Of The Soviet Union, 1947-1991," 2001

US, Central Intelligence Agency, Conter for the Study of Intelligence, Watching the Bear: Essays on CIA's Analysis of the Soviet Union, edited by Gerald K. Haines and Robert E. Leggett.

Chapter I, Origins of CIA's Analysis of the Soviet Union by Donald P. Steury

Chapter II, CIA's Analysis of the Soviet Economy by James Noren

Chapter III, Analyzing Soviet Politics and Foreign Policy by Douglas F. Garthoff

Chapter IV, CIA's Analysis of Soviet Science and Technology by Clarence E. Smith

Chapter V, Estimating Soviet Military Intentions and Capabilities by Raymond L. Garthoff

Chapter VI, Western Analysis and the Soviet Policymaking Process by Vladimir G. Treml

Central Intelligence Group, Office of Reports and Estimate, ORE 1/1, "Revised Soviet Tactics in International Affairs" (January 6, 1947)

Statement by General Marshall on the situation in China, January 7, 1947

Herbert Hoover's letter to the President Truman regarding the food shortage in Europe, January 18, 1947

Herbert Hoover's letter to the President Truman asking for an inclusive report in regards to spending on Germany for Congress and taxpayers, January 19, 1947

Statement of The Central Committee of The Chinese Communist Party, February 1, 1947

U.S., Department of State, Office of the Historian, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945-1950, Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment, The National Security Act of 1947, Washington, DC

Treaty of Peace with Bulgaria : February 10, 1947

Treaty of Peace with Romania : February 10, 1947

Joseph M. Jones, The Fifteen Weeks (February 11-June 5, 1947) (New York: The Viking Press, 1955) Chapter 1, "In Washington," pp. 3-13 (excerpts)

Implementation of General Assembly Resolutions on the Principles Governing the General Regulation and Reduction of Armaments and Information on Armed Forces, Resolution of the Security Council, February 13, 1947

Joseph M. Jones, The Fifteen Weeks (February 21-June 5, 1947) Part IV, Chapter 1, "A Week of Decision," (New York: The Viking Press, 1955), pp. 129-147

Summary of telegrams from Greece, Poland, and the USSR, February 25, 1947

Herbert Hoover's press release of The President's Economic Mission to Germany and Austria, Report no. 1: German Agriculture and Food Requirements, February 28, 1947

Annex A : General Outline of the Reconstruction Problem

Draft Notes explaining why the United States should grant financial aid to Greece and Turkey

Joseph M. Jones Notes on the Economics of Peace, March 1947

Draft of a White House meeting regarding the Greek situation (no date) discussing the British Note of 27 February 1947

Background memorandum on Greece, March 3, 1947

Letter from Paul Economou-Gouras to George C. Marshall, March 3, 1947

Draft of suggestions for the President's message to Congress in regard to the Greek situation, March 3, 1947

Summary of telegrams from Hungary, Greece, and Germany and relief needs, March 4, 1947

Draft of the President's Message to Congress on the Greek Situation, March 4, 1947

Summary of telegrams from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, France, Bulgaria, and Greece, March 5, 1947

Letter from George M. Elsey to Mr. Clifford, March 7, 1947

Suggested draft of the President's message to Congress on the Greek Situation, March 7, 1947

The Drafting of the President's Message to Congress on the Greek Situation

Rough draft of the President's message to Congress in regard to Greece, March 9, 1947

Speech by President Truman asking Congress to pass the Truman Doctrine (not used) (no date)

Memo from C. H. Humelsine to Commander George M. Elsey, March 10, 1947

Chronology of the drafting of the President's message of March 12, 1947

The Drafting of the President' Message to Congress on the Greek Situation, Delivered before a Joint Session of Congress, March 12, 1947

Dean Acheson's account of the decision to aid Greece and Turkey in 1947

Speech Announcing the "Truman Doctrine," 1947

Address of the President of the United States: Recommendation for Assistance to Greece and Turkey, March 12, 1947

Speech by President Truman asking Congress to pass the Truman Doctrine (no date)

Summary of President Truman's address to Congress (no date)

Joseph M. Jones, The Drafting of the President's Message to Congress on the Greek Situation, March 12, 1947

Telegram from French Ambassador Caffery to Secretary of State Dean Acheson, March 13, 1947

Telegram from Greek Ambassador MacVeagh to Secretary of State Dean Acheson, March 13, 1947

Telegram from British Ambassador Gallman to Secretary of State Dean Acheson, March 13, 1947

Telegram from Yugoslavian Ambassador Cabot to Secretary of State Dean Acheson, March 14, 1947

Telegram from Swiss Ambassador Harrison to Secretary of State Dean Acheson, March 14, 1947

Statement by President Truman, March 15, 1947

Telegram from French Ambassador Caffery to Secretary of State Dean Acheson, March 18, 1947

Editorial Reactions to the President's Address Before Congress on the Greek Situation, Part 1, March 19, 1947, and Part 2, March 22, 1947

Letter from Edward Mason to the Honorable Willard Thorp, Assistant Secretary Department of State, on the Moscow Meetings, March 20, 1947

State Department press notice regarding the general political situation in Greece, March 23, 1947

Herbert Hoover, The President's Economic Mission to Germany and Austria, Report no. 3: The necessary steps for promotion of German exports, so as to relieve American tax payers of the burdens of relief and for economic recovery of Europe.

Harry S. Truman's letter to Herbert Hoover regarding Report no. 3, March 24, 1947

Herbert Hoover's press release of The President's Economic Mission to Germany and Austria, Report no. 3, March 24, 1947

Charles Kindleberger, Delegation of the United States of America, Council of Foreign Ministers American Embassy Moscow, Letter on Postwar Conditions in Europe, March 24, 1947

Letter from Edwin W. Pauley to President Truman, March 24, 1947

Letter to the Honorable Willard Thorp, Assistant Secretary Department of State, from Moscow regarding Allied Control Council Report, March 26, 1947

Letter to John and Covey, The Basic Topics are coal, reparations, and the Ruhr, and as the background material the relations of Marshall, Cohen,and Clay, March 29,1947

Letter from Charles Kindleberger on Bizonal Trouble, Delegation of the United States of America, Council of Foreign Ministers American Embassy Moscow, April 18, 1947

Memorandum sent by Mr. John Leighton Stuart, United States Ambassador to China, to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Chairman of the National Government of the Republic of China, informing him of the situation in Taiwan, "Memorandum on the Situation in Taiwan," April 18, 1947

Correspondence between President Truman and Eleanor Roosevelt, April/May 1947

Draft Outline Notes for Mr. Acheson's speech before Delta Council, May 8, Drafted April 23, 1947

FOURTH MEETING OF THE COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS, MOSCOW, MARCH 10 TO APRIL 24, 1947, Report by Secretary Marshall, April 28, 1947

Initial Press and Radio Reaction to Under Secretary Acheson's Speech at Cleveland Mississippi on May 8, 1947, filed May 15, 1947

A letter from Joseph M. Jones to Mr. Acheson suggesting that foreign finanical aid should come in the form of grants, May 1, 1947

Memorandum from Mike Mansfield, Member of Congress, on Economic Conditions in Europe (n.d.)

A Group of Members of Parliament, "Keep Left", New Statesman (May 1947), pp. 30-47

"Aid to Greece and Turkey", from The Department of State Bulletin Supplement, May 4, 1947

The Greek-Turkish Aid Program (The Truman Doctrine) (no date)

State Department press notice regarding an address by Henry S. Villard, May 5, 1947

Joseph M. Jones letter to Mr. Lippmann regarding Acheson's speech outlining economic programs, May 7, 1947

Initial Press and Radio Reaction to Under Secretary Acheson's Speech at Cleveland Mississippi on May 8, 1947, filed May 15, 1947

"Administration Now Shifts Its Emphasis on Foreign Aid: Economic Reconstruction of Western Europe Now Held Best Bar to Soviet Expansion" by James Reston, New York Times, May 9, 1947

The Department of State Bulletin: "Requirements of Reconstruction" by Under Secretary Acheson, May 18, 1947

Announcement from President Truman about having just signed the Truman Doctrine, May 19, 1947; Rough draft of an announcement from President Truman about having just signed the Truman Doctrine; Another rough draft of an announcement from President Truman about having just signed the Truman Doctrine; Announcement from President Truman regarding a ceremony of his signing of the Truman Doctrine (no date)

"Design for Reconstruction" Proposed Address for Secretary Marshall June, 1947, drafted May 20, 1947

The act to provide for assistance to Greece and Turkey as stated by Congress, May 22, 1947

Draft of note from the Greek government to the United States Government, May 22, 1947

Letter to Clark Clifford regarding the Greek Aid Program, May 23, 1947; Comparison of Treasury and State drafts of agreement on assistance to Greece, May 22, 1947

Agreement on aid to Greece, May 22, 1947

Memo from Secretary of State Dean Acheson to President Truman on the proposed agreement on aid to Greece, May 23, 1947

Annex A : General Outline of the Reconstruction Problem

Work of the Military Staff Committee, Speech by Herschel V. Johnson, Deputy United States Representative, June 4, 1947 (Excerpt)

US, "Developments in the Azerbaijan Situation," Central Intelligence Group, Office of Reports and Estimates (ORE 19), secret, June 4, 1947

Memorandum of the press and radio news conference by Lincoln White, June 18, 1947

Paris Foreign Ministers' Meeting, PARIS, June 28, 1947

"The Evaluation of the Atomic Bomb as a Military Weapon", the Final Report of the Joints Chiefs of Staff Evaluation Board for Operation Crossroads, 30 June 1947

U.S. Participation in the International Refugee Organization, July 1, 1947

The X Article, "The Sources of Soviet Conduct," Foreign Affairs, July 1947

George F. Kennan, "X," "The Sources of Soviet Conduct," Foreign Affairs, July 1947

Walter Lippman, "The Cold War," Critique of the X Article, July 1947

U.N., Plan of Work Adopted by the Commission for Conventional Armaments, July 8, 1947

The Marshall Plan

ADDRESS BY GENERAL GEORGE C. MARSHALL SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE UNITED STATES AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY, JUNE 5, 1947

Commencement Address, Harvard University, June 5, 1947, Speaker: George C. Marshall, U.S. Secretary of State in Real Audio Format

Memorandum of Conversation, "Summary of First Meeting of Under Secretary Clayton and Ambassador with British Cabinet Members" (June 24, 1947)

Memorandum of Conversation, "Substance of Second Meeting of Under Secretary Clayton and Ambassador with British Cabinet Members (June 25, 1947)

"Aide Memoire for the Foreign Secretary [Ernest Bevin]" (June 25, 1947)

Memorandum of Conversation, "Summary of Third Meeting of Under Secretary Clayton and Ambassador with British Cabinet Members" (June 26, 1947)

Letter from William Clayton to Robert Lovett regarding his talks with British officials and their reactions to U.S. views on aid and post-war Europe (June 30, 1947)

Department of State Policy Planning Staff, Draft of a paper regarding the U.S. and European reconstruction (c. July 1947)

Memorandum: Secretary of State's Harvard Speech of June, 1947, filed July 2, 1947

PBS, Newshour, "Remembering the Man and His Plan," 5 June 1997

The Department of State, Bulletin, "European Initiative Essential to Economic Recovery," Remarks by the Secretary of State, June 15, 1947

Memorandum of the press and radio news conference by Lincoln White, June 18, 1947

'The Marshall Plan -- Then and Now' By Ambassador Harlan Cleveland U.S. Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 1967

Convention on Universal Postal Union, Revision of July 5, 1947 (Excerpts)

Joseph M. Jones's Memo to Mr. Russell regarding the need to clarify relationship between Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, July 7, 1947

The Marshall Proposal of Assistance to Europe, July 10, 1947

Weekly Summary Excerpt, "Soviet Opposition to the Recovery Program; Effects of Non-Participation on the Satellites" (July 11, 1947)

Memo from General Marshall to President Truman on the Greek situation, including a map of the Greek situation, July 16, 1947

Department of State, "Certain Aspects of the European Recovery Problem From the United States Standpoint," July 23, 1947

Paris: "World Cereals Position for 1947/48" prepared by I.E.F.C. Secretariat, July 1947

The George C. Marshall Foundation Web Page

Cold War International History Project, Working Paper #9: New Evidence on the Soviet Rejection of the Marshall Plan, 1947: Two Reports, by Scott D. Parrish and Mikhail M. Narinsky

For European Recovery: The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Marshall Plan

U.S. Air Force in Europe, 50th Anniversary of the Berlin Airlift

Department of State, "Summary of the Department's Position of the Content of A European Recovery Plan," August 26, 1947

Preliminary Work of the Department of State setting forth the problems of European Recovery, August 29, 1947

Vyshinsky Speech to U.N. General Assembly, September 1947

Bradford De Long and Barry Eichengreen, "The Marshall Plan: History's Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program," October 1991

Rio De Janeiro Conference for the Maintenance of Continental Peace and Security, August 15-September 2, 1947

Second Report of the Atomic Energy Commission to the Security Council, September 11, 1947 (excerpt)

Department of State Outgoing Telegram to Moscow Embassy, Sept 12, 1947

United States Position on Regulation of Conventional Armaments, Address by Secretary Marshall, September 17, 1947

Analysis: The Politics of 1948, dated September 18, 1947, from James Rowe, Jr. to President Harry S. Truman

Letter from Dwight P. Griswold to President Truman on the Greek situation, September 20, 1947; Memo from President Truman to the Under Secretary of State along with a copy of the letter from Dwight P. Griswold to President Truman on 9-20-47, October 13, 1947

The Immediate need for Emergency Aid to Europe, September 29, 1947

Founding of the Cominform: Conference at Wiliza, Declaration of the founding of the Cominform at the Conference of the Communist Parties of Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, the U.S.S.R., France, Czechoslovakia and Italy," September

E. Reale, "The Founding of Cominform", in Drachkovitch & Lazitch, The Comintern: Historical Highlights (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1966).

Transcript of the speech of Australian Foreign Minister Evatt before the United Nations on the Greek question, October 6, 1947

Convention of the World Meteorological Organization, October 11, 1947

State Department press notice regarding the report on Greece, October 15, 1947

United Nations Flag Resolution of the General Assembly, October 20, 1947

American Studies, et al., The House on Un-American Activities Committee's Hearings and the People It Affected

Full transcript of the testimony by Ayn Rand before the United States House of Representatives' Committee on Un-American Activities (commonly known as the House Un-American Activities Committee, or HUAC) on October 20, 1947.

The Testimony of Walter E. Disney Before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, 24 October, 1947

United Nations Day Resolution of the General Assembly, October 24, 1947

Agreement Between the United Nations and the United States Regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, Signed June 26, 1947, and Approved by the General Assembly October 31, 1947

"European Recovery Program" Basic Document No. 1, October 31, 1947

Text of Statement by Paul G. Hoffman, Economic Cooperation Administrator, before the OEEC, October 31,1949

'European Recovery and American Aid' A report by The President's Committee on Foreign Aid (Parts One and Two) November 1947

European Recovery and American Aid' A report by The President's Committee on Foreign Aid (Part Three) November 1947

Establishment of an Interim Committee of the General Assembly Resolution of the General Assembly, November 13, 1947

Memo, dated November 19, 1947, from Clark M. Clifford, Special Counsel to President Harry S. Truman, to President Harry S. Truman, "The Politics of 1948"

Ray F. Mosely's letter to the President regarding unnecessary spending in Northern Europe, November 26, 1947

Telegram from Greek Ambassador Keeley to Secretary of State Dean Acheson, November 29, 1947

President Truman's responds to Ray F. Mosely acknowledging fair condition in Northern Europe, but reminding him to look at all the European countries, December 1, 1947

Letter to the President Truman from the Department of Agriculture regarding low yielding grain crops in the states

Summary Report on Famine Emergency Committee

The United States Grain Export Program

Memorandum From the Executive Secretary (Souers) to the Members of the National Security Council, NSC 4, Washington, December 9, 1947.

Letter from Walter Wilds to John R. Steelman, January 22, 1948; letter from W. Averell Harriman to John R. Steelman, December 2, 1947; letter from W. Averell Harriman to John R. Steelman, December 24, 1947

FIFTH MEETING OF THE COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS, LONDON, NOVEMBER 25-DECEMBER 16, 1947 Report by Secretary Marshall, December 19, 1947

M. Carlyle, ed., "The Founding of the Cominform: Conference at Wiliza", Documents on International Affairs, 1947-1948 (London: Oxford University Press, 1952), pp. 122-137

1948

War Department Classified Message Center, Incoming Classified Message on Situation in Berlin, April 1948

Harold B. Hinton, "Aid Bill is Signed by Truman as Reply to Foes of Liberty," New York Times, 4 April 1948

CIA weekly summaries on Berlin, 1948-49, CNN Cold War Site

U.S., Central Intelligence Agency, ORE 22-48 "The Possibility of Direct Soviet Military Action During 1948," 2 April 1948

U.S. Central Intelligence Agency,  ORE 29-48, "Possible Program of Future Soviet Moves in Germany," 28 April 1948

Timo Vihavainen, "After the War: Finland's Relations with the Soviet Union, 1944-1991"

Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 'Brief of Emergency Short-Range Emergency War Plan' (HALFMOON). 6th May 1948. CCS 381 USSR (3-2-46)s.13 JCS 1844/4, Box 73

Final draft of President Truman's third quarterly report on Greek-Turkish aid, May 12, 1948

Declaration of Israel's Independence, May 14, 1948

Letter from Eliahu Epstein, agent for the provisional government of Israel, to President Truman, May 14, 1948

Third Report of the Atomic Energy Commission to the Security Council, May 17, 1948

"Considerations affecting the Conclusion of a North Atlantic Security Pact", Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. 3 (Washington, Government Printing Office, Department of State, 1948), pp. 153-158

COMMUNIQU� WITH ANNEX ON INTERNATIONAL CONTROL OF THE RUHR ISSUED BY THE LONDON SIX-POWER CONFERENCE, 7 JUNE 1948

U.S., Central Intelligence Agency, Memorandum for the President on the Soviet Response to the merger of the British, French, and American zones of Occupation in Germany, 9 June 1948

Vandenberg Resolution, Senate Resolution 239, Eightieth Congress, 11 June 1948

U.S., Central Intelligence Agency, ORE 41-48, "Effect of Soviet Restrictions on the US Position in Berlin," 14 June 1948

Draft of classified CIA report, dated June 14, 1948, titled "Effect of Soviet Restrictions on the U.S. Position in Berlin." The document, from the President's Secretary's Files, concludes that the Soviet walkout from the Allied Control Council has hurt U.S. intelligence-gathering efforts.

U.S. Participation in the World Health Organization, June 14, 1948

A factual summary concerning the American Mission for aid to Greece, June 15, 1948

The Berlin Airlift, A Pictorial History

Douglas Botting, From the Ruins of the Reich: Germany 1945-1949 (New York: New American Library, 1985), "The Berlin Airlift"

Charles F. Pennacchio, "The East German Communists and the Origins of the Berlin Blockade Crisis," East European Quarterly, Vol. 29, no. 3 (Fall 1995)

CIA memorandum, dated June 24, 1948, for President Harry S. Truman from Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy, R.H. Hillenkoetter, Director of the CIA. The memo, from the President's Secretary's Files, concerns the potential for creation of an Eastern bloc and integration of East Germany into that bloc

Telegram, dated June 25, 1948, by Alfred M. Bingham, et. al. to President Harry S. Truman, urging Truman to declare that short of war the U.S. will remain in Berlin and maintain supplies for the German people

U.S., Central Intelligence Agency, Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense on the subject of Berlin, 28 June 1948

U.S. Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin Crisis, dated June 28, 1948 through September 21, 1948.

Letter from Massachusetts governor Maurice J. Tobin to Matthew J. Connelly, June 29, 1948 (two pages), letter from James Kakridas to Massachusetts governor Maurice J. Tobin, June 25, 1948 (two pages)

Communiqué, MEETING OF INFORMATION BUREAU OF THE COMMUNIST PARTIES, 29 June 1948, Royal Institute of International Affairs, The Soviet-Yugoslav Dispute (London & New York: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1948), pp. 61-79

U.S., Central Intelligence Agency, Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense on the subject of Berlin, 30 June 1948

U.S., Central Intelligence Agency, Memorandum to the President on the Russian Directive Indicating that the Soviets Intend to Incorporate Berlin into the Soviet Zone, 30 June 1948

CIA memorandum, dated June 30, 1948, for President Harry S. Truman from Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy, R.H. Hillenkoetter, Director of the CIA. The memo, from the President's Secretary's Files, concerns a Russian directive indicating that the Soviets intend to incorporate Berlin into the Soviet zone

US, CIA, ORE 58-48, July 1948, The Strategic Value to the USSR of the Conquest of Western Europe and the Near East (to Cairo) Prior to 1950

Letter from N. E. Nicolaides to President Truman, July 2, 1948 (page 1 and page 2), handwritten letter from N. E. Nicolaides to President Truman, July 2, 1948 (pages 3 through 6)

Notes from the Governments of the United Kingdom and the United States to the Government of the U.S.S.R., 6 July 1948

CIA memorandum, dated July 12, 1948, for President Harry S. Truman from Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy, R.H. Hillenkoetter, Director of the CIA. The memo transmits CIA intelligence summaries from Berlin on various aspects of the situation in the occupied city.

U.S., Central Intelligence Agency, Information Report on the Russian Unilateral Dismissal of Police Officials in Berlin, 14 July 1948

U.S., Central Intelligence Agency, 7-48, "Review of the World Situation," 14 July 1948

Translation of a letter, dated July 14, 1948, by Alexander S. Payushkin (Soviet Ambassador) to U.S. Secretary of State. The letter, from the President's Secretary's Files, counters a US charge that the USSR precipitated the Berlin Crisis, arguing that the US, Great Britain, and France violated four-power agreements by introducing a special currency into their sector of Berlin and by pursuing a policy of "dismemberment" of Germany.

Top Secret Memorandum, not dated, probably for the U.S. Secretary of State, concerning a possible diplomatic opening for negotiating a resolution of the Berlin Crisis. Attached is a draft of a U.S. State Department statement that, upon clearance by the British and French, would be read to Mr. Malik, the Soviet Representative on the United Nations Security Council. From the President's Secretary's Files

Democratic National Convention, Convention Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (original reading copy used by President Truman), dated July 15, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman to national audience

Memorandum for the President: summary of the discussion at the 15th meeting of the National Security Council on Berlin, July 16, 1948

Letters and memoranda to President Truman on the Berlin Crisis from July 21, 1948 through October 22, 1948

Summaries of press-conference comments on the Berlin Airlift by President Harry S. Truman. The document covers comments at press conferences from July 22, 1948-December 2, 1948

Memorandum for the President: summary of the discussion at the 16th meeting of the National Security Council on Berlin, July 23, 1948

Executive Order 9981, Desegregation of the Armed Forces, July 26, 1948

Summaries of meetings of President Harry S. Truman's Cabinet on the following dates in 1948: July 23, August 6, September 3, and September 10. The summaries touch on tension in Berlin, negotiations with the USSR and related international developments

Top Secret report, dated July 28, 1948, titled "U.S. Military Courses of Action with Respect to the Situation in Berlin," from the U.S. Secretary of Defense to the National Security Council. From the President's Secretary's Files.

"The Ambassador to the Soviet Union (Smith) to Secretary of State", Notes on discussions concerning Berlin, Moscow, Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. 2 (Washington, Government Printing Office, Department of State, 1948), pp. 999-1007, , August 3, 1948

CIA memorandum, dated August 6, 1948, for President Harry S. Truman from Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy, R.H. Hillenkoetter, Director of the CIA. The memo, from the President's Secretary's Files, theorizes that the USSR agreed to negotiate over Germany in order to ease international tension and gain strategic advantages over Western powers. The analysis includes a discussion of possible outcomes of the negotiations

U.N., Formulation of Proposals for Regulation and Reduction of Armaments and Armed Forces, Resolution of the Commission for Conventional Armaments, August 12, 1948

U.N., Definition of Armaments, Resolution of the Commission for Conventional Armaments, August 12, 1948

Telegram, dated August 18, 1948, by A K Wright to President Harry S. Truman, blaming George C. Marshall for the state of US/USSR relations and recommending that France, Britain, the US and the USSR negotiate a solution to the Berlin Crisis. The telegram, from the Official File, also suggests that the US should maintain a presence in Berlin until an agreement can be negotiated

Letter of Transmittal to the U. S. Congress (no date) (page 1), letter from John Miles to William J. Hopkins, August 26, 1948 (page 2), memo from William J. Hopkins to John Miles, August 31, 1948 (page 3)

Memorandum, dated August 30, 1948, from Charles E. Bohlen to the U.S. Secretary of State, summarizing developments in negotiations on the occupation of Berlin between the three Western powers and the Soviet Union. The memo includes the text of a communique and a directive issued by the governments of France, the UK, the US and the USSR

Top secret communications, from General Clay to Omar Bradley, concerning the downing of British passenger airplane, which crashed with a fighter airplane driven by fight happy Soviet pilot. The communications, from the President's Secretary's Files, are not dated and discuss circumstances surrounding the crash, the fact that two American lives were lost, and how to handle the situation politically and in terms of future passenger flights.

Rear Platform Remarks of the President at Toledo, Ohio (original reading copy used by President Truman), dated September 6, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman to audience at Toledo, Ohio

Letter, dated September 11, 1948, by Socialist Party presidential candidate Norman Thomas to President Harry S. Truman, notifying Truman of a pending speech, in which Thomas says that he will propose that the US government put before the United Nations General Assembly the actions, in Berlin and elsewhere, by which the USSR menaces peace in the world.

Letter, dated September 12, 1948, by Philip Johnston to President Harry S. Truman, charging that the Berlin Crisis is, "an outgrowth of your own incredible stupidity." The letter, from the Official File, has an attached Lost Angeles Times article, dated September 12, 1948, and titled "West Can Pull Out of Berlin Proudly."

U.S., Central Intelligence Agency, ORE 22-48 (Addendum), "Possibility of Direct Soviet Military Action During 1948-49," 16 September 1948

Speech at Dexter, Iowa, dated September 18, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman to audience at Dexter, Iowa, "Speech at Dexter, Iowa," dated September 18, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman to audience at Dexter, Iowa

U.S. Department of State press release, dated September 26, 1948, containing the text of a September 26, 1948 note by the US, France, and United Kingdom to the Soviet Government. The note accuses the Soviet Government of reneging on negotiated agreements aimed at resolving the Berlin Crisis and pledges to refer the actions of the Soviet Government to the United Nations Security Council.

Rough draft of a top-secret historical analysis of the Berlin Crisis titled, The Berlin Crisis, Research Project No. 171 by the Foreign Policy Studies Branch, Division of Historical Policy Research, U.S. Department of State, (no date)

Telegram, dated September 27, 1948, by U.S. Department of State, to President Harry S. Truman, aboard the Presidential Special. The telegram, from the Papers of Clark M. Clifford, contains the text of the US, France, and Germany's reply to a Soviet note. The reply concludes that a negotiated settlement with the USSR over Berlin is not possible and pledges to refer the matter to the United Nations Security Council

Telegram, dated September 27, 1948, by Richard Minasian to President Harry S. Truman, asking Truman to clarify the magnitude of the crisis in Berlin.

Copy No. 1 of CIA report for President Harry S. Truman, dated September 28, 1948, titled Consequences of a Breakdown in Four-Power Negotiations on Germany. The document, from the President's Secretary's Files, predicts that if talks break down the USSR will try to force a US withdrawal from Berlin and extend its dominance over the occupied city

Letter, dated September 28, 1948, by U.S. Air Force Colonel R.B. Landry to Presidential secretary Matthew J. Connelly. In the letter, from the Official File, Landry writes that he saw nothing on his trip to Berlin worth immediately reporting to President Harry S. Truman.

"WE MUST MATCH OUR FAITH WITH OUR WORKS" By Thomas E. Dewey, Governor of New York and Republican Candidate for President of the United States, Delivered at Salt Lake City, Utah, September 30, 1948

Official U.S. State Department report, dated September 1948, titled "The Berlin Crisis: A Report on the Moscow Discussions, 1948." The document is U.S. State Department publication 3298, European and British Commonwealth Series 1.

U.S. Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin Crisis, dated October 1, 1948 through October 19, 1948.

Memorandum for the National Security Council, dated October 6, 1948, regarding possible Soviet interruption to the Berlin Airlift

Major Harry R. Borowski, "A Narrow Victory: The Berlin blockade and the American Military Response," 6 August 2001

President Harry Truman, in a whistle-stop campaign speech, blasts a know-nothing, do-nothing Congress, Elizabeth, New Jersey, October 7, 1948

Statement, dated October 9, 1948, by President Harry S. Truman following General Marshall's return from Paris. The statement relates in general terms the tenor of Marshall's report to him on progress in the United Nations concerning the Berlin Crisis

Three memoranda, dated October 13, 1948, October 21, 1948, and November 4, 1948, and a letter dated November 10, 1948. The first memorandum mentions that President Harry S. Truman was notified in writing of a Washington Daily News article critical of Truman for not sending Chief Justice Fred Vinson to Russia to help resolve the Berlin Crisis. The second memorandum recaps a number of events related to the situation in Berlin, including authorization for additional "C-54 type" aircraft to be used as part of the Berlin Airlift. The third memorandum relates to a congratulatory telegram from M.L. Dahanukar, Sheriff of Bombay, India, to President Harry S. Truman on his election victory. The final document, a letter from Joseph C. Lewis to Truman, suggests that Truman name General Douglas MacArthur as his on-the-ground representative in Germany to handle the Berlin Crisis

Speech in Indianapolis, Indiana, dated October 15, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman to audience at Indianapolis, Indiana

Letter from George Xanthaky to President Truman, October 22, 1948

Speech in Scranton, Pennsylvania, dated October 23, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman to audience at Scranton, Pennsylvania

Speech in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, dated October 23, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman to audience at Johnstown, Pennsylvania

Letter (attached are President Harry S. Truman's notes for a stop at Mr. Dubinsky's reviewing stand), dated October 23, 1948, from Samuel I. Rosenman to President Harry S. Truman

Telegram, dated October 27, 1948, by Congressman Preston E. Peden to President Harry S. Truman, urging Truman to act in removing the Berlin blockade and sending supplies into occupied Berlin.

U.S. State Department report, not dated, titled "The Berlin Crisis: A Report on the Moscow Discussions, 1948." The document, from the President's Secretary's Files, covers in chronological order Soviet interference with access to Berlin and discussions with Moscow on resolving the Berlin crisis.

U.S. Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin Crisis, dated October 28, 1948 through December 6, 1948.

Speech in St. Louis, Mo., dated October 30, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman to audience at St. Louis, Mo.

Handwritten notes (with introductory memo) for an election-eve radio speech, dated November 1, 1948, from President Harry S. Truman to national audience

Reports of Atomic Energy Commission, Resolution of the General Assembly, November 4, 1948

Telegram, dated November 13, 1948, by U.N. General Assembly President Herbert V. Evatt to President Harry S. Truman. The telegram, from the Official File, notifies Truman that that Evatt and the United Nations Secretary General are giving the chairman of the U.S. delegation a communication for Truman. The communication urges the President to implement a U.N. General Assembly resolution appealing to France, Britain, the US, and USSR to renew their efforts to resolve the Berlin Crisis

Telegram, dated November 14, 1948, by U.S. Department of State, to President Harry S. Truman, forwarding text of a letter from United Nations officials noting that the on November 3, 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted an appeal to the USSR, France, Britain, and the US, to renew efforts to settle their differences and establish a lasting peace. The letter warns that the conflict over Berlin threatens the peace and security of all nations.

Telegram, dated November 17, 1948, by J. Frank, et. al to President Harry S. Truman

U.N., Arms Census, Resolution of the General Assembly, November 19, 1948

U.S., National Security Council, "U.S. Objectives with Respect to the USSR to Counter Soviet Threats to U.S. Security," NSC 20/4, November 23, 1948

US, Department of State, Policy Planning Staff, "Considerations Affecting the Conclusion of a North Atlantic Security Pact," PPS 43 November 23, 1948

Memo from George C. McGhee to William J. Hopkins, December 1, 1948

"The Long-Term Program Report to Rober Marjolin, Secretary-General, Organization for European Economic Co-operation by John H. Williams, November 23, 1948, with attached letter to Mr. Hoffman, December 2, 1948"

Letter, dated December 4, 1948, by Arthur B. Baer to President Harry S. Truman, suggesting that the Berlin situation be reconciled under the auspices of the United Nations. Baer suggests that the U.N. withdraw the US and USSR from Germany and bring in several smaller nations to govern it. The letter, from the Official File, has an attached December 17, 1948 thank you note from Presidential Secretary William D. Hassett to Baer

Memo from President Truman to Congress regarding the fifth quarterly report, December 6, 1948

Fifth Report to Congress on Assistance to Greece and Turkey, December 10, 1948

U.N., General Assembly, Resolution 260, CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE, 9 December 1948

U.S., Central Intelligence Agency, Memorandum for the President on the Situation in Berlin, 10 December 1948

U.S. Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin Crisis, dated December 13, 1948

U.S. Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin Crisis, dated December 17, 1948 through March 9, 1949.

Memo on Turkey from the Central Intelligence Agency to President Truman, December 22, 1948

U.S., Intelligence Report on Soviet Measures to Further Tighten the Sector Blockade in Berlin, 30 December 1948

1949

Cover letter and message from Dr. Chaim Weisman, President of the State Council of the Provisional Government of Israel, to President Truman, January 11, 1949

Bryan Houston, Director of Information, Economic Cooperation Administration, P.D. Fahnestock, Consultant "Review of Operations of Information Service", January 14, 1949

Harry Truman's Inaugural Address, 20 January 1949

Reading copy of Dean Acheson's speech on the proposed North Atlantic Treaty. March 18, 1949

"Ambassador of Soviet Union to Sectretary of State" protesting the formation of NATO, Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. 4 (Washington, Government Printing Office, Department of State, 1949), pp. 261-265

U.S. Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin Crisis, dated March 22, 1949.

U.S. Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin Crisis, dated March 28, 1949

THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY, 4 APRIL 1949

U.S. Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin Crisis, dated April 5, 1949 and June 7, 1949

Press Release on NATO, dated April 12, 1949, by President Harry S. Truman to The Press

"Inter-Allied Naval Relations and the Birth of NATO," Colloquium on Contemporary History, June 14, 1993, No. 8, Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy
Washington, D.C.

U.S. State Department transcript, dated April 13, 1949, of a press and radio news conference at which Secretary of State Dean Acheson attempts to clarify the nature of an agreement among foreign ministers regarding fusion of the three zones in Germany and how that agreement fits in with formation of a German government

U.S., Central Intelligence Agency, ORE 46-49 "The Possibility of Direct Soviet Military Action During 1949," 3 May 1949

Statement, dated May 3, 1949, by President Harry S. Truman upon acceding to General Lucius Clay's request to be discharged from service in the U.S. Military Government in Germany, following the agreement to lift the Berlin blockade. Truman thanks Clay and praises his character and abilities

Airbridge to Berlin --- The Berlin Crisis of 1948, its Origins and Aftermath, By D.M. Giangreco and Robert E. Griffin, 1988

Translation of a document, dated May 14, 1949, by Argentine Foreign Affairs Minister Juan Atilio Bramuglia to President Harry S. Truman, thanking Truman for crediting Bramuglia for his actions at the United Nations Security Council and congratuling Truman for resolution of the Berlin Crisis. The document, from the Official File, includes the original, untranslated version of the letter

SIXTH MEETING OF THE COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS, PARIS, MAY 23 TO JUNE 20, 1949

Benjamin O. Fordham, "Economic Interests, Party, and Ideology in Early Cold War Era U.S. Foreign Policy," International Organization, Vol. 52, no. 2 (Spring 1998)

U.S. Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin Crisis, dated June 22, 1949.

Seventh Report to Congress on Assistance to Greece and Turkey, June 29, 1949

Memorandum on signing the NATO Treaty, dated July 22, 1949, by Secretary of State Dean Acheson to President Harry S. Truman

Memorandum on Ratification of NATO, dated July 25, 1949, by Charles I. Bevans, Deputy Assistant for Treaty Affairs, U.S. Department of State

Dean Acheson:   United States Position on China, August 1949

U.S. Dept. of State, Policy Planning Staff PPS/58, "Political implications of Detonation of Atomic Bomb by the U.S.S.R.," August 16, 1949

Memorandum on the ceremony for signing the NATO Treaty, dated August 23, 1949, by C.H. Humelsine to Matthew J. Connelly

Memorandum by the Chief of Staff, U. S. Air Force to the Secretary of Defense on Long-Range Detection of Atomic Explosions, 21 September 1949

Extract from the indictment of Mr. Laszlo Rajk, former Hungarian Minister for Foreign Affairs, September 1949, in M. Carlyle, ed., "Satellite Party Politics", Documents on International Affairs, 1949-1950 (London: Oxford University Press, 1952), pp. 390-396

"Greece and the United Nations, 1946-49", from the Department of State Bulletin, September 19, 1949

Waging Peace in the Americas : Address by Secretary Acheson; September 19, 1949

Memorandum by the Chief of Staff, U. S. Air Force to the Secretary of Defense on Long-Range Detection of Atomic Explosions, 21 September 1949

Part I, Collection and Identification of Fission Products of Foreign Origin, prepared by Peter King and N. Friedman, ca. September 1949

Atomic Explosion in the U. S. S. R., Statement by President Truman, September 23, 1949

"Letter from Paul Hoffman to Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg, September 26, 1949"

The Common Program of The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, 1949, Adopted by the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's PCC on September 29th, 1949 in Peking

US, CIA, Intelligence Memorandum No. 237, October 1949, Capabilities of the USSR in Air-to-Air Guided Missiles and Related Proximity Fuses

U.S. Amendment of United Nations Participation Act, October 10, 1949

U.S. Department of State summaries of foreign diplomatic telegrams on the Berlin Crisis, dated October 20, 1949

International Control of Atomic Energy, Statement by the Representatives of Canada, China, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, October 25, 1949

USAEC General Advisory Committee Minutes, October 28-30, 1949

USAEC General Advisory Committee Report on the "Super," October 30, 1949

Text of Statement by Paul G. Hoffman, Economic Cooperation Administrator, on European recovery., October 31,1949

Soviet Misinterpretaton of U. S. Position on the Baruch Plan, Statement by John D. Hickerson, Assistant Secretary for United Nations Affairs, November 11, 1949

Continuing Effort to Reach Agreement on Atomic Energy Control, Resolution of the General Assembly, November 23, 1949

Lewis Strauss to Harry S. Truman supporting the development of the thermonuclear bomb, November 25, 1949 (Excerpt)

Economic Cooperation Administration Office of the Special Representatives in Europe, Paris, France "Review of European Press Reaction to Mr. Hoffman's Paris Visit and OEEC Negotiations, 25 October thru November 1949" Prepared by the Press Intelligence Unit Editorial Reasearch and Analysis Section Information Division, December 1, 1949

Mao's Moscow Visit, December 1949-February 1950

1950

Oral History, U.S. Senate, Oral History Program, Pat M. Holt, Chief of Staff, Foreign Relations Committee, "Tom Connally and the Foreign Relations Committee," (Thursday, September 18, 1980) Interviewed by Donald A. Ritchie

Memorandum on negotiations concerning NATO, dated January 14, 1950, by Clark M. Clifford, to President Harry S. Truman

The Alger Hiss Story

Klaus Fuchs

Statement by President Harry S. Truman on the Hydrogen Bomb, January 31, 1950

"Soviet Intentions and Capabilities", 20 February 1950

US, National Security Council, NSCID 9, "Communications Intelligence," March 10, 1950.

President Truman's letter to James S. Lay, Executive Secretary of the National Security Council, April 12, 1950

NSC-68, 1950

Fakiolas, Efstathios T., "Kennan's Long Telegram and NSC-68: A Comparative Analysis," East European Quarterly, Vol. 31, no. 4, January 1998

"Soviet Intentions and Capabilities", 20 February 1950

Paul Y. Hammond, "NSC-68: PROLOGUE TO REARMAMENT," 1962

United States Embassy, Iraq Cable from Edward S. Crocker II to the Department of State. "Recent Developments in Connection with the Kurdish-Language News Bulletin," April 10, 1950.

Department of State Airgram from Dean Acheson. [Anti-Americanism in the Arab World], May 1, 1950.

United States Embassy, Iran Cable from Edward C. Wells to the Department of State. "Motion Pictures--The Film Two Cities," May 16, 1950.

United States Embassy, Iran Cable from Edward C. Wells to the Department of State. "Priority Aims and Objectives of the USIE Program in Iran Calls for Enhancing U.S. Prestige and Demonstrating Communist Fallacies," June 5, 1950.

"Letter to Paul Hoffman on the Marshall Plan from Oliver Franks at the British Embassy in Washington, June 21, 1950"

United States Embassy, Iran Cable from Henry F. Grady to the Department of State. "Proposed New Program for USIE, Iran," July 6, 1950.

Letter on implementing the NATO Pact, dated July 14, 1950, by Secretary of Defense, Louis Johnson, to President Harry S. Truman

United States Embassy, Soviet Union Cable from Alan G. Kirk to the Department of State. [Voice of America and Radio Tehran], August 19, 1950.

Memorandum on status of NATO, dated August 30, 1950, by Secretary of Defense, Louis Johnson, to President Harry S. Truman

Statement on the stationing of American troops in Europe, dated September 9, 1950, by President Harry S. Truman to The Press

United States Embassy, Iran Cable from Henry F. Grady to the Department of State. [Voice of America Transmitters in Bahrain and Iran], September 19, 1950.

Resignation of Paul Hoffman as Chief of the Marshall Plan administration, September 25, 1950

United States Embassy, Egypt Despatch from A.F. Lager to the Department of State. "Transmitting Copy of Notes re 'Certain Aspects of the Political Situation at Kuwait--The Company's Local Relations and Other Non-technical Matters Connected with These Operations'" [Internal Memorandum Found at Trans World Airlines Plane Crash Site], September 25, 1950.

"The Discrepancy between the Russian and Chinese Versions of Mao's 2 October 1950 Message to Stalin on Chinese Entry into the Korean War: A Chinese Scholar's Reply," by Shen Zhihua, Cold War International History Project

United States Embassy, Iran Cable from Henry F. Grady to the Department of State. [U.S.-Iranian Joint Propaganda Efforts], October 19, 1950.

United States Embassy, Iran Cable to the Department of State. [Iran's Propaganda Director and the Voice of America], December 8, 1950.

Novelist William Faulkner accepts the Nobel Prize speaking of the difficulties of being an artist in the nuclear age, Stockholm, Sweden, Dec. 10, 1950

National Intelligence Estimate, NIE-15, "Probable Soviet Moves to Exploit the Present Situation," 11 December 1950

United States Embassy, Iran Cable from Edward C. Wells to the Department of State. "Motion Pictures--Pro-Soviet Feature Film North Star," December 28, 1950.

Go to Page on the Korean War

1951

Memorandum on the NATO Production Board, dated January 3, 1951, by Secretary of Defense, to President Harry S. Truman

Memorandum on implementing NATO, dated January 5, 1951, by Office of the Secretary, U.S. Department of State, to President Harry S. Truman

United States Embassy, Saudi Arabia Cable from William D. Brewer to the Department of State. "Egyptian Newspaper Article on American Military Aid to Saudi Arabia," January 5, 1951.

United States Embassy, Iran Cable from Henry F. Grady to the Department of State. [Iranian Propaganda Director Dismissed], January 6, 1951.

Memorandum, dated January 8, 1951, by Donald S. Dawson, Administrative Assistant to President Harry S. Truman, to Secretary of Defense George C. Marshall accepting the nominations for the NATO Production Board

Report on the Conference of the leaders of the People's Democracies and the Soviet Union, 9 to 12 January 1951, Moscow

United States Embassy, Iran Cable from Henry F. Grady to the Department of State. [Appointment of New Iranian Propaganda Director], January 10, 1951.

US, NSC 100, "Recommended Policies and Actions in Light of the Grave World Situation ," 11 January 1951

United States Embassy, Iran Cable from Edward C. Wells to the Department of State. "Notes on Expanded Program for Iran" [Includes Memorandum], January 12, 1951.

Memorandum by John Paton Davies, Jr., "Spring and Summer Prospects," Washington, DC, 23 January 1951

Department of State, Under Secretary Report from James E. Webb to James S. Lay, Jr. "Progress Report by the Under Secretary of State on the Implementation of United States Policy toward Israel and the Arab States (NSC 47/2)," January 26, 1951

Memorandum by Eben A. Ayers, "The Atomic Bomb," ca. 1951

Memorandum by Eben A. Ayers, beginning "In outlining the history..." in which he continues the discussion on the development of the bomb, ca. 1951

Memorandum on the secret meeting with General Eisenhower on the state of European defense, dated February 6, 1951, by George M. Elsey to President Harry S. Truman

Department of State, Division of International Broadcasting Memorandum from W.J. Porter to Frederick Awalt. [Voice of America in Kuwait], February 19, 1951.

United States Consulate General. Dhahran (Saudi Arabia) Cable to the Department of State. [Trip to Oman regarding Voice of America], February 20, 1951.

Department of State Report. "Conference of Middle East Chiefs of Mission (Istanbul, February 14-21, 1951): Agreed Conclusions and Recommendations," c. February 21, 1951.

Letter, dated February 24, 1951, by Dwight D. Eisenhower to President Harry S. Truman

Memorandum, March 9, 1951, by William D. Hassett, Secretary to President Harry S. Truman, to Col. Beichline

United States Embassy, Iraq Cable from Edward S. Crocker II to the Department of State. "Anti-communist Poster Material Prepared by USIS Baghdad," March 10, 1951.

Memorandum from C.P. Cabell to B.A. Schriever, "Research and Development on Proposed Rand Satellite Reconnaissance Vehicle" (March 17, 1951)

United States Embassy, Iraq Cable from Edward S. Crocker II to the Department of State. "Foreign Leader Grants for Iraqis," March 26, 1951.

Memorandum, dated March 29, 1951, by W.A. Harriman to Rose A. Conway

Department of State, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs Memorandum of Conversation. "Anglo-American Cooperation in the Psychological Field in the Arab States and Iran" [Attached to Cover Memorandum Dated April 2, 1951], March 30, 1951.

Press Release on the anniversary of the founding of NATO, dated April 3, 1951, by President Harry S. Truman to The Press

George F. Kennan, "America and the Russian Future," Foreign Affairs (April 1951)

Sino-Tibetan Agreement, Agreement on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, 17-Point Agreement of May 23, 1951

Michael Meeropol Statement on Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, July 1995

Stephen Pizzo, The Rosenberg Communiques

Morton Sobell, "Venona and the Rosenbergs," 1997

The Rosenbergs: Victims of Cold War Hysteria

Michael Reese, University of Washington, Department of History, "The Cold War and Red Scare in Washington State," A curriculum project for Washington schools developed by The Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest

Recall of General Douglas Macarthur (1951)

General Douglas MacArthur Defends His Conduct of the War in Korea, April 19, 1951

General Douglas MacArthur condemns the "blackmail" of appeasement and bids the nation farewell, Washington , D.C., April 20, 1951.

PBS, MacArthur

Walter LaFeber, Historian, on MacArthur and Nuclear Weapons in Korea

Analysis from Stephen Penrose to the Department of State. "Comment on "The Soviet Challenge in the Near East"--Princeton, June 2, 1951," June 2, 1951.

United States Embassy, Saudi Arabia Cable from Raymond Hare to the Department of State. [Communist Propaganda], June 5, 1951.

United States Consulate General. Dhahran (Saudi Arabia) Letter from William A. Eddy to Dorothy Thompson. [Christian-Muslim Anticommunist Propaganda Theme], June 7, 1951.

General Ridgway's Broadcast Message to the Commanders of the Communist Forces in Korea, 30 June 1951

General Ridgway's Message to General Kim Il Sung and General Peng Teh-Huai, 13 Jul 1951

United States Embassy, Iran Cable from Henry F. Grady to the Department of State. [Kurdish Voice of America Broadcasts], August 6, 1951.

Department of State, Secretary Memorandum from Dean Acheson to Dwight D. Eisenhower. "Urgent Request to You from King Ibn Saud for the Services of General Graham," August 9, 1951.

Department of State, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian and African Affairs. Office of Near Eastern Affairs Memorandum to Burton Berry. "Mr. Nolting's Misgivings re Visit by Prince Misha'al," August 22, 1951.

Department of State Airgram from Dean Acheson to the United States Embassy, Iraq. [Opposition to Book Publication], August 29, 1951

Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of the Philippines; August 30, 1951

Security Treaty Between the United States, Australia, and New Zealand (ANZUS); September 1, 1951

United States Embassy, Turkey Cable from George Wadsworth to the Department of State. [Broadcasts to Turkey's Kurds], September 4, 1951.

Security Treaty Between the United States and Japan; September 8, 1951

U.S. Department of State, Memorandum from Under Secretary for Political Affairs to Secretary of State, "Summary of Discussion Between Sir Oliver Franks, Air Marshall Sir William Elliott, General Bradley, Messrs. Nitze and Matthews," 13 September 1951

Department of State, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs Memorandum from Burton Berry to the Department of State, Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern, South Asian and African Affairs. "VOA Broadcasts in Kurdish," September 14, 1951.

US, CIA, SE-16, October 1951, The Strength and Capabilities of Soviet Bloc Forces to Conduct Military Operations Against NATO

United States Embassy, Saudi Arabia Memorandum from Glenn A. Abbey to the Department of State. [Anticommunist Propaganda], October 2, 1951.

Department of State, Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs Letter from Edward W. Barrett to George Cameron. [Propaganda Advice], October 4, 1951.

University of Michigan. Department of Near Eastern Studies Letter from George Cameron to Edward W. Barrett. [Propaganda Activities in Iraq; Attached to Cover Memorandum], October 24, 1951.

New American Library of World Literature, Inc. Letter from Victor Weybright to Edward W. Barrett. [Support for Publisher's Tour of Middle East], November 6, 1951.

United States. Department of the Air Force Memorandum from Robert H. Jones. "Visit of His Royal Highness Prince Misha'al Abdul Aziz al Saud, Minister of Defense, Saudi Arabia," November 6, 1951

United States Embassy, Iran Despatch from Edward C. Wells to the Department of State. "Motion Pictures: Cooperation of American Newsreels," November 10, 1951.

Department of State, Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs Letter from Edward W. Barrett to George Cameron. [Propaganda Campaign], November 19, 1951.

United States Embassy, Iran Cable from Loy Henderson to the Department of State. [Filming of Iranian Army Celebration], November 20, 1951

United States Embassy, Iran Cable from Loy Henderson to the Department of State. [Iranian Oil Policy], November 21, 1951.

"Estimate of the Relative Strength and Capabilities of NATO and Soviet Bloc Forces at Present and in the Immediate Future," November 23, 1951, C8-D/4 (M.C. 33), International Staff, NATO Archives, Brussels

United States Embassy, Saudi Arabia Letter from Raymond Hare to Frederick Awalt. [Incident at Dhahran Air Field], November 25, 1951.

Department of State, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs Memorandum from George C. McGhee to H. Freeman Matthews. "Visits of Chiefs of States," November 28, 1951.

Department of State, Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs Letter from Edward W. Barrett to Victor Weybright. [State Department Involvement with Private Publisher], November 30, 1951.

Department of State Airgram from James E. Webb to the United States Embassy, Iran. [Newsreel Use in Iran], December 11, 1951.

PBS, Race for the Superbomb

Interview with Sir George Middleton on the Crisis in Iran, 1951-53, Iranian Oral History Project, Harvard University, Center for Middle Eastern Studies