A Bibliography lists the sources used when writing and researching a research paper.    It includes all sources that influenced the author, even those that do not appear in footnotes/endnotes.

A bibliographical reference is used to identify a work so that others reading your work may also use it.  This is also the general rule for all citations, both bibliography citations and footnotes/endnotes. However, the format for bibliographical citations is NOT the same as for footnote/endnote citations. Be sure to see the History Department Style Sheet for examples.

A bibliography is organized by headings (see bibliography format) and then arranged alphabetically by the author's last name (or by title if there is no author). Note the spacing within and between entries. Single space lines within an individual bibliography citation, and double space between entries. Footnotes/endnotes follow a completely different format and organization. Pay attention to this difference!

One other point, it is acceptable to use either underline or italics to indicate the title of books, newspapers, magazines, and journals. Just be consistent.

Bibliography

Books and Journal Articles

Berry, Mary Frances. Military Necessity and Civil Rights Policy: Black
        Citizenship and the Constitution, 1861-1868. New York: Free Press, 1977.

Breen, Quirinus.  John Calvin: A Study in French Humanism. Chicago:  University of
        Chicago Press, 1931.

Crow, Edward and Francis, William.  George Washington. New York: Simon
        and Schuster, 1940.

Forbes, Ella. African American Women During the Civil War. New
        York: Garland Press, 1998.

----------African American Men During the Civil War. Knoxville: University of
        Tennessee Press, 1999.

Kharif, Wali R. "Darwin School and Black Public Education: Cookeville in the Decade
        of the 'Brown' Decision." Tennessee Historical Quarterly, 56 Fall, 20-33.

"Men and Machines" in Encyclopedia Britannica. New York: Britannia,
        Publisher,  1985,11th edition, 22-23.

Newspapers and Magazines

Smith, John. "Making History Fun." Herald Citizen. (Cookeville, Tennnessee).
        July 2, 1995.

Weber, Bruce. "The Myth Maker: The Creative Mind of Novelist E. L. Doctrow."
        The New York Times. July 5, 1932.

Williams, Wilma. "Eliza Potter." Michigan Quarterly. 43 October, 111-123.

"Workers Strike." Nashville Banner. January 2, 1999.  microfilm reel 3.

Government Documents

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Nuclear
        Technology Report. Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office,
         1980.

Dissertations and Masters Theses

Miller, Robert E. "Women and World War II." Ph.D. diss., University
        of Cincinnati, 1991.

Manuscript Materials

"George Washington Papers." Virginia Historical Society. Richmond, Virginia.

"U.S. Children's Bureau Papers." National Archives. College Park, Maryland.
        RG 102.

"Valley of the Shadow Project." Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia.
        http://www.valleyoftheshadow.edu. Accessed 2/25/04.

Video/Audio Sources

Pearlman, Itzak.  "Itzak Pearlman: In My Case Music." Produced and directed by
        Tony DeNonno. 10 min. DeNonno Pix, 1985. Videocassette.

Oral Histories

Franklin D.  Roosevelt. Interview conducted by Jim Slate in the White
        House, September 5, 1955. Audiotape housed in Special Collections,
        A. O. Kuhn Library, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore,
        Maryland.

Smith, John.  Interview conducted by Kriste Lindenmeyer in Cookeville,
        Tennessee, August 9, 1999. Videotape in author's possession.