ENCE 489G/621, Homework 1

due 09/20/2004

  1. What are the processes and/or mechanisms that may enhance or reduce the porosity of a natural porous medium. Please list both the mechanical and chemical causes.
  2. What are the origins of primary and secondary porosities? What are the processes that may result in secondary porosity?
  3. Draw a flow chart of subsurface water flow, including the hydrologic components, if we have both pumpage and water injection directly into groundwater aquifers. Rewrite the hydrologic equations of mass balance to include groundwater pumpage and injection.
  4. Note the following hydrograph from the Uharie River near Trinity, N. C., hydrograph
  5. In a hydrologic framework report for the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation, the authors summarized that 'the mean annual precipitation for the period of 1951-88 was 1350 mm.' The mean annual runoff for streams on the Reservation was about 590 mm. They further suggested that 'the average consumption of water by evapotranspiration on the Reservation is about 760 mm.'

  6. Note the water inventory of a region in Maryland in the following table. The hydrologic equation for the region may be summarized as:

    {recharge due to precipitation} + {recharge from stream} - {discharge due to evapotranspiration} - {discharge due to pumping for domestic water use} = {change in groundwater storage}

    As a water resources engineer, please estimate the maximal amount of water that may be pumped each year for the six years shown in the table, if one does not intend to rely on groundwater storage for domestic water supply.


    Time (year) Recharge (precipitation) m3 Recharge (stream) m3 Discharge (evapotranspiration) m3
    1 3.0 x 107 1.0 x 106 9.0 x 106
    2 2.8 x 107 2.0 x 106 5.0 x 106
    3 2.5 x 107 3.0 x 106 3.0 x 106
    4 3.5 x 107 4.0 x 106 1.0 x 106
    5 3.5 x 107 4.0 x 106 2.0 x 106
    6 3.5 x 107 4.0 x 106 4.0 x 106