Slave, Free Black, and White Population, 1780-1830

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Estimated Population 1780

 

 

 

 

State

Population

Black

Pct. Black

White

Pct. White

 

North

 

 

 

 

 

 

New York

210,701

21,054

10.0

189,647

90.0

 

New Jersey

139,627

10,460

7.5

129,167

92.5

 

Pennsylvania

327,805

7,855

2.4

319,950

97.6

 

Connecticut

206,701

5,885

2.8

200,816

97.2

 

Rhode Island

52,946

2,671

5.0

50,275

95.0

 

New Hampshire

87,802

541

0.6

87,261

99.4

 

Massachusetts

268,627

4,822

1.8

263,805

98.2

 

Total

1,294,209

53,288

4.1

1,240,921

95.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

South

 

 

 

 

 

 

Virginia

538,004

220,582

41.0

317,422

59.0

 

South Carolina

180,000

97,000

53.9

83,000

46.1

 

Maryland

245,474

80,515

32.8

164,959

67.2

 

North Carolina

270,138

91,000

33.7

179,138

66.3

 

Georgia

56,071

20,831

37.2

35,240

62.8

 

Delaware

45,385

2,996

6.6

42,389

93.4

 

Total

1,335,072

512,924

38.4

822,148

61.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1790 Census

 

 

 

 

 

State

Slaves

Population

Pct. Slave

Free Non-White

Pct. FNW

 

North

 

 

 

 

 

 

New York

21,193

340,241

6.2

4,682

1.4

 

New Jersey

11,423

184,139

6.2

2,762

1.5

 

Pennsylvania

3,707

443,611

0.8

6,531

1.5

 

Connecticut

2,648

237,655

1.1

2,771

1.2

 

Rhode Island

958

69,112

1.4

3,484

5.0

 

New Hampshire

157

141,899

0.1

630

0.4

 

Massachusetts

0

378,566

0.0

5,369

1.4

 

Vermont

0

85,341

0.0

269

0.3

 

Total

40,086

1,880,564

2.1

26,498

1.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

South

 

 

 

 

 

 

Virginia

292,627

747,550

39.1

12,866

1.7

 

South Carolina

107,094

249,073

43.0

1,801

0.7

 

Maryland

103,036

319,728

32.2

8,043

2.5

 

North Carolina

100,783

395,005

25.5

5,041

1.3

 

Georgia

29,264

82,548

35.5

398

0.5

 

Kentucky

12,430

73,677

16.9

114

0.2

 

Delaware

8,887

59,096

15.0

3,899

6.6

 

Total

654,121

1,926,677

34.0

32,162

1.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1800 Census

 

 

 

 

 

State

Slaves

Population

Pct. Slave

Free Non-White

Pct. FNW

 

North

 

 

 

 

 

 

New York

20,613

586,182

3.5

10,374

1.8

 

New Jersey

12,422

211,149

5.9

4,402

2.1

 

Pennsylvania

1,706

602,365

0.3

14,564

2.4

 

Connecticut

951

64,273

1.5

8,268

12.9

 

Rhode Island

380

69,122

0.5

3,304

4.8

 

New Hampshire

8

183,856

0.0

852

0.5

 

Massachusetts

0

422,845

0.0

6,452

1.5

 

Vermont

0

154,465

0.0

557

0.4

 

Total

36,080

2,294,257

1.6

38,399

1.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

South

 

 

 

 

 

 

Virginia

346,671

885,171

39.2

20,493

2.3

 

South Carolina

146,151

345,591

42.3

3,185

0.9

 

Maryland

105,635

341,543

30.9

19,587

5.7

 

North Carolina

133,296

478,103

27.9

7,073

1.5

 

Georgia

59,699

162,686

36.7

1,919

1.2

 

Kentucky

40,343

151,719

26.6

741

0.5

 

Delaware

6,153

64,273

9.6

8,268

12.9

 

Tennessee

13584

105,602

12.9

309

0.3

 

Total

851,532

2,534,688

33.6

61,575

2.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1810 Census

 

 

 

 

 

State

Slaves

Population

Pct. Slave

Free Non-White

Pct. FNW

 

North

 

 

 

 

 

 

New York

15,017

959,049

1.6

25,333

2.6

 

New Jersey

10,851

245,562

4.4

7,843

3.2

 

Pennsylvania

795

810,019

0.1

22,492

2.8

 

Connecticut

310

261,942

0.1

6,453

2.5

 

Rhode Island

108

76,931

0.1

3,609

4.7

 

New Hampshire

0

214,562

0.0

970

0.5

 

Massachusetts

0

472,040

0.0

6,737

1.4

 

Vermont

0

217,913

0.0

750

0.3

 

Ohio

0

230,760

0.0

1,899

0.8

 

Maine

0

228,705

0.0

969

0.4

 

Total

27,081

3,717,483

0.7

77,055

2.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

South

 

 

 

 

 

 

Virginia

392,518

974,622

40.3

30,570

3.1

 

South Carolina

196,365

415,115

47.3

4,554

1.1

 

Maryland

111,502

380,546

29.3

33,927

8.9

 

North Carolina

168,824

555,500

30.4

10,266

1.8

 

Georgia

105,218

252,433

41.7

1,801

0.7

 

Kentucky

80,561

406,511

19.8

1,713

0.4

 

Delaware

4,177

72,674

5.7

13,136

18.1

 

Tennessee

44,535

261,727

17.0

1,317

0.5

 

Total

1,103,700

3,319,128

33.3

97,284

2.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1820 Census

 

 

 

 

 

State

Slaves

Population

Pct. Slave

Free Non-White

Pct. FNW

 

North

 

 

 

 

 

 

New York

10,088

1,372,812

0.7

29,278

2.1

 

New Jersey

7,557

277,575

2.7

12,460

4.5

 

Pennsylvania

211

1,549,458

0.0

30,202

1.9

 

Connecticut

97

275,248

0.0

7,870

2.9

 

Rhode Island

48

83,059

0.1

3,554

4.3

 

New Hampshire

0

244,161

0.0

786

0.3

 

Massachusetts

0

523,287

0.0

6,740

1.3

 

Vermont

0

235,764

0.0

903

0.4

 

Ohio

0

581,434

0.0

4,723

0.8

 

Maine

0

298,335

0.0

929

0.3

 

Illinois

917

55,211

1.7

457

0.8

 

Indiana

190

147,178

0.1

1,230

0.8

 

Total

19,108

5,643,522

0.3

99,132

1.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

South

 

 

 

 

 

 

Virginia

425,153

1,065,379

39.9

39,889

3.7

 

South Carolina

251,783

490,309

51.4

6,714

1.4

 

Maryland

107,398

407,350

26.4

39,730

9.8

 

North Carolina

205,017

638,829

32.1

14,612

2.3

 

Georgia

149,656

340,989

43.9

1,763

0.5

 

Kentucky

126,732

564,317

22.5

2,759

0.5

 

Delaware

4,509

72,749

6.2

12,958

17.8

 

Tennessee

80,107

422,813

18.9

2,727

0.6

 

Louisiana

69,064

153,407

45.0

10,897

7.1

 

Alabama

47,449

144,317

32.9

633

0.4

 

Mississippi

32,814

75,448

43.5

458

0.6

 

Missouri (ter)

10,222

66,586

15.4

347

0.5

 

Total

1,509,904

4,442,493

34.0

133,487

3.0