Perceptual Impairments
Julie Jacko, Holly Vitense, and Ingrid Scott

1. Introduction: How do perceptual impairments affect the access of technology?
2. Auditory and Speech Impairments
   • auditory and Speech Systems
     • sensation of hearing
     • perception of hearing
       • pitch
       • timbre
       • loudness
     • perception of speech
   • common pathologies of auditory and speech impairments
     • auditory impairments
     • speech impairments
   • functional classifications of the affects of hearing loss and speech problems
     • affects of hearing loss
     • affects of speech problems
   • conclusions
3. Visual Impairments
   • definitions
   • epidemiology
   • selected visual disorders
     • AMD
     • DR
     • Glaucoma
   • specific visual functions
     • visual acuity
     • contrast sensitivity
     • visual field
     • color vision
   • conclusions
4. Technological advancements in human-computer interaction research
   • perceptual interfaces
     • multimodal interfaces
     • multimedia interface
   • adaptive interfaces
   • conclusions
5. Conclusions
   • challenges and unsolved problems
   • future research areas